Determinantes e indicadores clave de la conmoción cerebral en atletas de deportes de combate: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.110631

Palabras clave:

artes marciales mixtas, conmoción cerebral, deportes de combate, síntomas físicos, síntomas motivacionales

Resumen

Introducción: Los deportistas de combate tienen mayor probabilidad de sufrir conmociones cerebrales porque uno de los objetivos es noquear a un oponente y aplicar golpes durante la pelea.  Objetivo: Analizar los mecanismos de conmoción cerebral específicos de los deportes de combate e identificar los signos y síntomas más prevalentes que afectan a los atletas después de la conmoción cerebral.  Métodos: Se aplicó el protocolo PRISMA, se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos electrónicas utilizando los descriptores: Atletas, Lucha, Artes Marciales, Deportes de Combate, Conmoción Cerebral, Conmoción Cerebral Traumática, Síntomas Físicos y Síntomas Motivacionales. El proceso de identificación y selección por pares se realizó utilizando el software Rayyan. Luego, se extrajeron los artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad para el análisis cualitativo, utilizando la herramienta Riesgo de Sesgo Utilizado para Encuestas.  Resultados: Se identificaron 912 artículos, 90 duplicados y 81 revisiones bibliográficas, quedando 65 artículos para lectura de resúmenes. De estos, 46 fueron excluidos según los criterios de elegibilidad, incluyendo 19 artículos. En cuanto a la exposición a la conmoción cerebral, el 70,2% estuvo relacionada con el número de peleas realizadas y el 29,8% con los luchadores. Las modalidades deportivas fueron 45,5% MMA, 18,2% boxeo, 9,1% taekwondo, 9,1% karate y 9,1% kickboxing. Las lesiones encontradas se dividieron en 27,2% traumatismo craneoencefálico y 72,8% conmoción cerebral. Según los signos y síntomas identificados, el 55,2% fueron físicos y el 44,8% motivacionales.  Conclusión: La frecuencia de peleas es un factor determinante para la incidencia de conmociones cerebrales en deportistas de deportes de combate y los síntomas post-conmociones cerebrales mostraron manifestaciones físicas y motivacionales significativas, que representan barreras para el desarrollo técnico-táctico de los deportistas.

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Publicado

2025-01-15

Cómo citar

Fernandes, J. R., de Brito, M. . A., Pérez, D. V., Pimentel Ferreira, A., José Aida, F., Aedo-Muñoz, E., Miarka, B., & José Brito, C. . (2025). Determinantes e indicadores clave de la conmoción cerebral en atletas de deportes de combate: una revisión sistemática. Retos, 64, 68–78. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.110631

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Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis

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