Ejercicio excéntrico como protocolo de intervención para la profilaxis y rehabilitación de lesiones en deportistas. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.109368Palabras clave:
Deportistas, entrenamiento excéntrico, lesiones deportivas, prevención, rehabilitaciónResumen
Introducción: En la actualidad, el estrés físico generado durante la práctica deportiva ha desencadenado una serie de lesiones agudas y crónicas impidiendo al deportista su funcionalidad. El ejercicio excéntrico es un protocolo que se ha implementado para la prevención y rehabilitación de estas lesiones en diversas disciplinas deportivas.
Objetivo: Determinar los efectos del entrenamiento excéntrico como protocolo en la profilaxis y rehabilitación de lesiones en deportistas.
Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de artículos con el tema de interés entre marzo y abril del 2024. Para cumplir con el objetivo se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Scopus, Pubmed y Google Scholar con las palabras clave “eccentric training” AND “injury prevention” OR “eccentric exercise” AND “injury rehabilitation”.
Resultados: Un total de 370 estudios fueron identificados, seleccionando 11 para esta revisión. En todos los estudios se aplicó un entrenamiento excéntrico para prevención o rehabilitación de lesiones.
Conclusión: El entrenamiento excéntrico es una metodología que parece tener efectos benéficos para la prevención y rehabilitación de lesiones en deportistas cuando se aplican protocolos isoinerciales, isocinético excéntrico, sobrecarga excéntrica e incluso con el propio peso corporal.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Nayro Isaac Domínguez-Gavia, Ramón Candia-Luján, Kevin Fernando Candia-Sosa, Raúl Eduardo Acosta-Carreño, Claudia Ivette Herrera-Covarrubias
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