Análisis del diseño y la aplicación del plan de estudios de educación física en la escuela primaria: Un estudio bibliográfico (Analysis of design and implementation of physical education curriculum in primary school: A literature study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107950Palabras clave:
educación física, plan de estudio, escuela primaria, revisión de la literaturaResumen
La educación física es un componente vital del plan de estudios de la escuela primaria, cuyo objetivo es desarrollar las aptitudes físicas, la salud y el bienestar psicosocial de los alumnos. Se han aplicado diversos enfoques para lograr estos objetivos, incluida la integración, así como los retos del currículo de la escuela primaria. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo analizar sistemáticamente el diseño y la implementación de los currículos de educación física en las escuelas primarias a partir de 20 artículos de investigación, con un enfoque en la identificación de prácticas y desafíos enfrentados. El método utilizado fue una revisión sistemática que utilizó las directrices de los Elementos de Información Preferidos para Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis (PRISMA). Los artículos de investigación pertinentes se identificaron mediante búsquedas en la base de datos Scopus utilizando palabras clave específicas y siguiendo los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos. El análisis de la revisión mostró que los enfoques curriculares de la educación física son diversos, como los currículos basados en la salud y la atención plena, los enfoques de dinámicas ecológicas, los currículos alternativos, la integración con modelos específicos y las bases políticas con la intención de tener un impacto positivo en el desarrollo físico, cognitivo, social y emocional de los alumnos de primaria. Además, estos enfoques también incorporan conceptos biomecánicos, estrategias de manejo de conflictos, integración de habilidades de pensamiento y desarrollo de habilidades motoras. También se encontraron las preferencias curriculares de los profesores en sus opiniones sobre la implementación del currículo de educación física. La revisión halló que diversos enfoques para implementar el plan de estudios de educación física tienen un impacto positivo en el desarrollo de los alumnos. La conclusión de esta revisión destaca que un plan de estudios de educación física eficaz en la escuela primaria debe integrar un enfoque holístico que incluya aspectos físicos, cognitivos, sociales y emocionales. También se reconoció la importancia de la flexibilidad en el plan de estudios que permite la adaptación según las necesidades locales e individuales de los alumnos.
Palabras clave: educación física, plan de estudio, escuela primaria, revisión de la literatura
Abstract. Physical education is a vital component of the primary school curriculum, aiming to develop students' physical skills, health, and psychosocial well-being. Various approaches have been implemented to achieve these goals, including curriculum integration and addressing the challenges within the primary school curriculum. This study aims to systematically analyze the design and implementation of physical education curriculum in primary schools by reviewing 20 research articles, with a focus on identifying practices and challenges encountered. The methodology used follows a systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Relevant research articles were identified through a Scopus database search using specific keywords, followed by predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis results indicate that physical education curriculum approaches are diverse, including health-based and mindfulness curricula, ecological dynamics approaches, alternative curricula, and integration with specific models or policy foundations, all aiming to have a positive impact on the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development of primary school students by incorporating biomechanical concepts, conflict management strategies, integration of thinking skills, and motor skill development. Additionally, teacher preferences regarding the implementation of physical education curricula were also found. This review concludes that various approaches to implementing physical education curricula positively affect student development. The findings highlight that an effective primary school physical education curriculum should integrate a holistic approach involving physical, cognitive, social, and emotional aspects. The importance of flexibility in the curriculum, allowing adaptation to local and individual student needs, is also acknowledged.
Keywords: physical education, curriculum, primary school, literature review
Citas
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