Perfil psico-fisiológico de personas con cardiopatía isquémica según la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca basal: un paso más hacia la individualización del entrenamiento

Autores/as

  • Rut López-Osca
  • Ginés López-García
  • Antonio Granero-Gallegos
  • María Carrasco Poyatos

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.107794

Palabras clave:

VFC, rehabilitación cardiaca, entrenamiento, auto-percepción, sistema nervioso autónomo, biomarcador

Resumen

La cardiopatía isquémica sigue siendo la mayor causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo. Actualmente se está investigango el papel del eje cerebro-corazón en el equilibrio del sistema nervioso autónomo. La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) basal puede ayudar a identificar si los pacientes están preparados para afrontar la rehabilitación cardiaca de forma segura. Los objetivos fueron i) analizar la VFC-basal de pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica determinando su normalidad, ii) identificar el efecto de los parámetros psicofisiológicos edad, índice de masa corporal (IMC), tensión arterial, fitness cardiorrespiratorio y calidad de vida. Los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos según la normalidad de su VFC-basal (Normal-HRV, nonNormal-HRV). Los dominios temporal y frecuencial del HRV, la frecuencia cardiaca, la tension arterial, el IMC, el fitness cardiorrespiratorio y la auto-percepción fueron registrados. La muestra se compuso por hombres con media de edad de 58,64±9,54años. El 43,92% presentó una VFC-basal por debajo de su normalidad. Estos eran más mayores (P<,001, d=,856), presentaban peor auto-percepción (P<,001, d=,473) y mayor tension sistólica y diastólica (P<,001, d=,446; P=,007, d=.29). Se encontraron correlaciones significativas (P<,05) directas entre la VFC y la tension diastólica, e inversas con la frecuencia cardiaca y la edad. El porcentaje de cardiópatas con una VFC-basal por debajo de su normalidad es superior a lo esperado. Estos valores están condicionados por la edad, la tension arterial y la frecuencia cardiaca. Además, tienen peor auto-percepción. Todos estos factores deberían ser tenidos en cuenta para optimizar los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca.

Citas

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2024-11-20

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López-Osca, R., López-García, G., Granero-Gallegos, A., & Carrasco Poyatos, M. (2024). Perfil psico-fisiológico de personas con cardiopatía isquémica según la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca basal: un paso más hacia la individualización del entrenamiento. Retos, 62. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.107794

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