Pérdida de rendimiento en sprints resistidos asociado a la madurez en jóvenes futbolistas (Performance loss in resisted sprints associated with maturity in young soccer players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107177Palabras clave:
Maduración biológica, fútbol, entrenamiento de sprint, adolescenteResumen
El objetivo fue determinar la influencia del estado madurativo en la pérdida de rendimiento del sprint y del sprint resistido en jóvenes futbolistas. Se evaluó la madurez biológica en 56 participantes y se agruparon según los años predichos a partir de la pico de velocidad de crecimiento (PHV) (pre-, mid- y post-PHV). Las diferencias entre grupos se determinaron a través de análisis de covarianzas. El tiempo del sprint de 30 m se midió mediante la aplicación MySprint. En el sprint de 5 m se observó una mayor pérdida de rendimiento entre mid- y pre-PHV que entre post- y mid-PHV (ES = -0.90 a -0.57 vs -0.52 a -0.34). En 30 m se mostró una mayor pérdida entre post- y mid-PHV que entre mid- y pre-PHV (ES = -1.04 a -0.69 vs -0.81 a -0.56). Es importante considerar el desfase madurativo en la optimización del sprint a largo plazo en jóvenes deportistas.
Palabras clave: Maduración biológica, fútbol, entrenamiento de sprint resistido, adolescente.
Abstract. The objective was to determine the influence of maturational status on the loss of sprint performance and resisted sprint performance in young soccer players. Biological maturity was assessed in 56 participants, who were grouped according to predicted years from peak height velocity (PHV) (pre-, mid-, and post-PHV). Differences between groups were determined through covariance analysis. The 30 m sprint time was measured using the MySprint application. For the 5 m sprint, a greater performance loss was observed between mid- and pre-PHV compared to post- and mid-PHV (ES = -0.90 to -0.57 vs. -0.52 to -0.34). Over 30 m, a greater loss was observed between post- and mid-PHV compared to mid- and pre-PHV (ES = -1.04 to -0.69 vs. -0.81 to -0.56). It is important to consider maturational timing in the long-term optimization of sprint performance in young athletes.
Keywords: Biological maturation, football, resisted sprint training, adolescents.
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