¿Mejora la expresión corporal el desarrollo de la atención y el control de la impulsividad? Una intervención ecológica en educación física (Does body expression improve children’s attention and impulse control development? An ecological intervention in physical education)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.106507Palabras clave:
funcion cognitiva, actividad física, educación primaria, dramatización, impulsividadResumen
Investigaciones recientes han demostrado una disminución de la atención y el control de los impulsos en la infancia. Por esa razón, el desarrollo de las funciones cognitivas de los niños y niñas, y en concreto de la atención y el control de los impulsos, ha despertado un creciente interés en la literatura científica. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de la expresión corporal en el desarrollo de la atención y el control de los impulsos y su relación con el género en niños y niñas de 6 a 8 años. En esta investigación participaron un total de 43 niños y niñas. Se utilizó la prueba CARAS-R para evaluar la atención selectiva y el control de los impulsos antes y después de un programa de intervención de expresión corporal de 8 semanas. Después del programa de intervención de expresión corporal (Pre-Post) realizado en educación física (EF), todos los niños mejoraron los resultados de atención (p < .01, ES = 1.1 a 1.5, moderado a grande), pero no se encontró mejora en el control de impulsos (p > .05, ES = 0.1 a 0.2, trivial). En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos en el estudio parecen indicar que la expresión corporal es un elemento adecuado para desarrollar la atención en las sesiones de EF. Estos resultados podrían tener implicaciones importantes para los docentes de EF, ya que les permite conocer las herramientas que mejoran el desarrollo de la atención para implementarlas en sus sesiones.
Palabras clave: Función cognitiva; actividad física; educación primaria; dramatización; impulsividad.
Abstract. Recent research has shown a decrease in attention and impulse control in childhood, so the development of children's cognitive functions, and specifically attention and impulse control, has aroused growing interest in the scientific literature. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of body expression on the development of attention and impulse control and its relationship with gender in 6-to-8-year-old boys and girls. A total of 43 children were enrolled in this research. CARAS-R test was used to assess selective attention and impulse control before and after an 8-week body expression intervention program. After the body expression intervention program (Pre-Post) carried in physical education, all children improve the attention results (p < .01, ES = 1.1 to 1.5, moderate to large), but no improvement was found in the impulse control (p > .05, ES = 0.1 to 0.2, trivial). In conclusion, the results obtained in the study seem to indicate that body expression in physical education sessions is an appropriate element to develop attention. These results could have important implications for physical education teachers, since it allows them to know the tools that improve the development of attention, to implement them in their sessions.
Keywords: Cognitive function; physical activity; primary education; drama; impulsivity.
Citas
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