Beneficios del ejercicio físico durante el embarazo sobre la condición física materna – revisión sistemática (Benefits of physical exercise during pregnancy on maternal physical fitness – systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.105313Palabras clave:
Ejercicio físico; Embarazo; Forma física; Salud; BienestarResumen
El ejercicio físico se considera ventajoso durante el embarazo y en la recuperación posparto, ya que aporta diversos beneficios tanto a la madre como al bebé. Los componentes de la forma física relacionados con la salud y la motricidad son parámetros a tener en cuenta en el estado de salud de la embarazada. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el efecto del ejercicio físico sobre los parámetros de aptitud física, a saber: fuerza, resistencia, flexibilidad, coordinación y equilibrio, durante el embarazo y el posparto. Esta revisión sistemática siguió la metodología descrita en PERSiST (Implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science), buscando en las bases de datos Web of Science y PubMed con las palabras clave: pregnancy, physical activity, exercise, physical fitness: strength, resistance, cardiorespiratory, flexibility, balance and coordination. La búsqueda dió como resultado 15 artículos considerados de buena calidad: 1 artículo en Web of Science y 14 artículos en PubMed. El ejercicio físico produce beneficios para la condición física de las mujeres embarazadas y puérperas, a saber: fuerza, resistencia cardiovascular, equilibrio y flexibilidad, así como bienestar y calidad de vida, a través de actividades semanales que constan de dos a tres sesiones con una duración de más de 45 minutos, intercalando trabajos de fuerza de los grandes grupos musculares y del suelo pélvico, ejercicios posturales, de estiramiento y de resistencia cardiovascular. Existen pocos estudios sobre estas variables y una gran variedad de programas de entrenamiento y herramientas de evaluación.
Palabras clave: Ejercicio físico; Embarazo; Forma física; Salud; Bienestar.
Abstract. Physical exercise is considered advantageous during pregnancy and in postpartum recovery, bringing various benefits to both mother and baby. The components of physical fitness related to health and motor skills are parameters to be considered in a pregnant woman's state of health. The aim is to understand the effect of physical exercise on physical fitness parameters, namely: strength, endurance, flexibility, coordination and balance, during pregnancy. This systematic review followed the methodology described in PERSiST (Implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science), searching the Web of Science and PubMed databases with the keywords: pregnancy, physical activity, exercise, physical fitness: strength, resistance, cardiorespiratory, flexibility, balance and coordination. The search resulted in 15 articles considered to be of good quality: 1 article in Web of Science and 14 articles in PubMed.
Physical exercise produces benefits for the physical condition of pregnant women and postpartum women, namely: strength, cardiovascular resistance, balance and flexibility, as well as well-being and quality of life, through weekly activities consisting of two to three sessions lasting more than 45 minutes, alternating strength work on the large muscle groups and the pelvic floor, postural exercise, stretching and cardiovascular resistance. There are few studies on these variables and a wide variety of training programs and assessment tools.
Keywords: Physical Exercise; Pregnancy; Physical Condition; Health; Well-being
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