Análisis transversal de la fuerza muscular y la flexibilidad durante el ciclo menstrual en mujeres que realizan entrenamiento de fuerza (Cross sectional analysis of muscular strength and flexibility during the menstrual cycle in women engaged in strength training)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.104259

Palabras clave:

Fluctuaciones hormonales, Fitness femenino, Rendimiento del ejercicio, Entrenamiento de fuerza, Flexibilidad

Resumen

Variaciones hormonales durante el ciclo menstrual (CM) afectan la fuerza muscular y la flexibilidad en mujeres que practican entrenamiento de fuerza, lo que podría llevar a reducciones en el rendimiento y aumentar la susceptibilidad a lesiones. Comprender estas variaciones a lo largo de las fases del CM es crucial para una orientación precisa de los programas de entrenamiento. Este estudio transversal y exploratorio evaluó los niveles de fuerza muscular y flexibilidad durante el CM en 20 mujeres (de 20 a 35 años) comprometidas con el entrenamiento de fuerza durante al menos 6 meses. El Test de Sentarse y Alcanzar (SRT) midió la flexibilidad, y el Test de Repetición Máxima de una repetición (1RM) de extensión de piernas evaluó la fuerza muscular durante las fases menstrual, post-menstrual y pre-menstrual. Mientras que el período post-menstrual mostró los valores de fuerza más altos (50.65 ± 17.70 kg), no se observaron diferencias significativas en comparación con otras fases. Sin embargo, la flexibilidad fue significativamente mayor en el período post-menstrual (29.43 ± 8.69 cm) en comparación con las fases menstrual (p=0.002) y pre-menstrual (p=0.001). Estadísticamente, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento de la fuerza. No obstante, la flexibilidad pareció estar influenciada por las fases del CM, con resultados superiores en el período post-menstrual. Esta investigación mejora nuestra comprensión de cómo las fases del CM pueden afectar la fuerza y la flexibilidad en mujeres comprometidas con el entrenamiento de fuerza, proporcionando ideas valiosas para adaptar programas de entrenamiento a necesidades individuales.

Palabras clave: Fluctuaciones hormonales, Fitness femenino, Rendimiento del ejercicio, Entrenamiento de fuerza, Flexibilidad.

Abstract. Hormonal variations during the menstrual cycle (MC) impact muscular strength and flexibility in women practicing strength training, potentially leading to performance reductions and increased injury susceptibility. Understanding these variations across MC phases is crucial for precise training program guidance. This cross-sectional, exploratory study assessed muscular strength and flexibility levels during the MC in 20 women (aged 20-35) engaged in strength training for at least 6 months. The Sit and Reach Test (SRT) measured flexibility, and the 1-Maximum Repetition Test (1RM) leg extension evaluated muscular strength during menstrual, post-menstrual, and pre-menstrual phases. While the post-menstrual period showed the highest strength values (50.65 ± 17.70 kg), no significant differences were observed compared to other phases. However, flexibility was significantly higher in the post-menstrual period (29.43 ± 8.69 cm) compared to menstrual (p=0.002) and pre-menstrual phases (p=0.001). Statistically, no significant differences were found in strength performance. Nevertheless, flexibility appeared influenced by MC phases, with superior outcomes in the post-menstrual period. This research enhances our understanding of how MC phases may impact strength and flexibility in women engaged in strength training, providing valuable insights for tailoring training programs to individual needs.

Keywords: Hormonal fluctuations, Women's fitness, Exercise performance, Strength Training, Flexibility.

 

Citas

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Publicado

2024-04-15

Cómo citar

Pereira, M. V. do N. ., Paes, P. P. ., Costa, M. S. F., Freitas, I. L. T. ., Feitosa, R. C. ., Morena , J. M. D. de la ., Santos, W. R. ., & Santos, W. R. (2024). Análisis transversal de la fuerza muscular y la flexibilidad durante el ciclo menstrual en mujeres que realizan entrenamiento de fuerza (Cross sectional analysis of muscular strength and flexibility during the menstrual cycle in women engaged in strength training). Retos, 55, 704–709. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.104259

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