Entrenamiento innovador centrado en la motivación para atletas de taekwondo y karate en las ciudades de Yogyakarta y Bujumbura (Motivation-Centred Innovative Coaching for Taekwondo and Karate Athletes in Yogyakarta and Bujumbura Cities)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104151Palabras clave:
athletes, achievement motivation, martial arts, karate, taekwondoResumen
Las técnicas de entrenamiento de artes marciales que están comprobadas por la investigación crean entornos de entrenamiento atractivos y satisfactorios para los atletas. Esta investigación cuantitativa descriptiva investigó las prácticas de entrenamiento de Taekwondo y Karate centradas en la motivación de los atletas por participar en el deporte, lograr logros. El estudio incluye a 188 atletas de Karate y Taekwondo (100 niños, 88 niñas) de las ciudades de Yogyakarta y Bujumbura, seleccionados a través del método de muestreo probabilístico y técnicas simples de muestreo aleatorio. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue la Escala de Motivación de Logro Deportivo, adaptada de la Escala de Motivación de Logro. Procedimiento de análisis de datos mediante ANOVA de dos vías con programa R y estadística descriptiva. Los resultados indican diferencias significativas en la motivación de logro de la participación deportiva entre los artistas marciales de Taekwondo y Karate de Bujumbura y Yogyakarta. Además, los impulsos motivacionales varían entre los atletas masculinos y femeninos, independientemente del país. El perfil motivacional dominante es el Enfoque-Éxito en la Formación (MST), con 8 de los 14 ítems acordados dentro de esta dimensión. En general, los atletas muestran un nivel de "Acuerdo" de motivación para el logro de la participación deportiva (x̄ = -0,473 logits), lo que destaca la importancia del entrenamiento motivacional centrado en el perfil para mejorar el éxito. Estos hallazgos pueden guiar a los entrenadores de Taekwondo y Karate en la adaptación de métodos e intervenciones para alinearse con los perfiles motivacionales de los atletas.
Palabras Clave: atletas, motivación de logro, artes marciales, karate, taekwondo.
Abstract. Martial arts coaching techniques that are research-evidenced create engaging and fulfilling training environments for athletes. This descriptive quantitative research investigated Taekwondo and Karate coaching practices focused on athletes' sports participation achievement motivation. The study includes 188 Karate and Taekwondo athletes (100 boys, 88 girls) from Yogyakarta and Bujumbura cities, selected through probability sampling method and simple random sampling techniques. The data collection instrument was a Sport Achievement Motivation Scale, adapted from the Achievement Motivation Scale. Data analysis procedure using Two-Way ANOVA with R program and descriptive statistics. Findings indicate significant differences in sport participation achievement motivation between Taekwondo and Karate martial artists from Bujumbura and Yogyakarta. In addition, motivational drives vary between male and female athletes, irrespective of country. The dominant motivational profile is Approach-Success in Training (MST), with 8 out of 14 agreed items falling within this dimension. Overall, athletes display an "Agree" level of sports participation achievement motivation (x̄ =-0.473 logits), highlighting the importance of motivational profile-centred coaching for enhanced success. These findings may guide Taekwondo and Karate coaches in tailoring methods and interventions to align with athletes' motivational profiles.
Keywords: athletes, achievement motivation, martial arts, karate, taekwondo.
Citas
Anshel, M. H., & Payne, J. M. (2006). Application of sport psychology for optimal performance
in martial arts. In The sport psychologist's handbook (pp. 332-343). Wiley Online Library.
Atkinson, J. W., & Feather, N. T. (1966). A theory of achievement motivation. New York, NY:
Wiley.
Baldwin, H. R. (2019). A review of the benefits and risks associated with the practice of martial
arts. International Journal of Martial Arts, 2(1), 20-26.
Baldwin, H. R. (2019). A review of the benefits and risks associated with the practice of martial
arts. International Journal of Martial Arts, 5(5), 62-75.
Benesch, O. (2020). Olympic samurai: Japanese martial arts between sports and selfcultivation. Sport in History, 40(3), 328-355.
Berntsen, H., & Kristiansen, E. (2019). Guidelines for need-supportive coach development: The
Motivation Activation Program in Sports (MAPS). International Sport Coaching Journal, 6(1),
-97.
Bloom, G. A., Dohme, L. C., & Falcão, W. R. (2020). Coaching youth athletes. Coaching for
human development and performance in sports, 143-167.
Bueno, J. C., Faro, H., Lenetsky, S., Gonçalves, A. F., Dias, S. B., Ribeiro, A. L., & Claudino,
J. G. (2022). Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of
Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes. Sports, 10(6), 80.
Byeong-chan, K. (2019). A Study of Changes in Sporting Confidence of JUDO Athletes
Following the Extent of Physical Training. International Journal of Martial Arts, 2(2), 13-20.
Camp athletes). In International Conference on Social Science 2019 (ICSS 2019) (pp. 182-186).
Atlantis Press.
Chen, A., & Darst, P. W. (2001). Situational interest in physical education: A function of
learning task design. Research Quarterly for exercise and sport, 72(2), 150-164.
Chu, T. L., & Zhang, T. (2018). Motivational processes in Sport Education programs among
high school students: A systematic review. European Physical Education Review, 24(3), 372-
Cronin, L. D., & Allen, J. (2018). Examining the relationships among the coaching climate, life
skills development and well-being in sport. International journal of sports science & coaching,
(6), 815-827.
Croom, A. M. (2014). Embodying martial arts for mental health: Cultivating psychological
wellbeing with martial arts practice. PhilPapers, 7(1), 75-89.
Dongoran, M., Nopiyanto, Y., Saputro, D., & Nugroho, A. (2019, November). Comparison of
Psychological Skills of Pencak Silat and Boxing Athletes (Study on Indonesian Training
Dongoran, M., Nopiyanto, Y., Saputro, D., & Wiyono, D. (2019). Comparison of Psychological
Skills of Pencak Silat and Boxing Athletes (Study on Indonesian Training Camp athletes). In
International Conference on Social Sciences (Vol. 342, pp. 372-376). Atlantis Press.
Frantzis, B. K. (1997). Power of Internal Martial Arts: Combat Secrets of Ba Gua, Tai Chi, and
Hsing-I. North Atlantic Books.
Fuller, C., & Lloyd, V. (2020). Martial arts and well-being: connecting communities and
promoting health (p. 130). Taylor & Francis.
González-Hernández, J., Gomariz-Gea, M., Valero-Valenzuela, A., & Gómez-López, M.
(2020). Resilient resources in youth athletes and their relationship with anxiety in different team
sports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5569.
Gordon, J. (2023). Empowered Learners: How Martial Arts Foster Self-Regulated Learning.
Mantle: The Annual Review of Interdisciplinary Research, 1(1), 29-39.
Gullu, S., Keskin, B., Ates, O., & Hanbay, E. (2020). Coach-athlete relationship and sport
passion in individual sports. Acta Kinesiologica, 14(2), 17-25.
Heydari, A., Soltani, H., & Alirezaei, H. (2018). The effect of psychological skills training (goal
setting, positive self-talk and imagery) on self-confidence of adolescent volleyball players.
Physical Training and Sports, 15(2), 119-128. Retrieved from
Holden, S. L., Pugh, S. F., & Schwarz, N. A. (2017). Achievement motivation of collegiate
athletes for sport participation. International Journal of Sports Science, 7(2), 25-28.
Hollembeak, J., & Amorose, A. J. (2005). Perceived coaching behaviors and college athletes'
intrinsic motivation: A test of self-determination theory. Journal of applied sport
psychology, 17(1), 20-36.
Jens Rowold (2006) Transformational and Transactional Leadership in Martial Arts, Journal of
Applied Sport Psychology, 18:4, 312-325, DOI: 10.1080/10413200600944082
Jesper Andreasson & Thomas Johansson (2019) Negotiating violence: Mixed martial arts as a
spectacle and sport, Sport in Society, 22:7, 1183-1197.
Jones, G. W., Mackay, K. S., & Peters, D. M. (2006). Participation motivation in martial artists
in the West Midlands region of England. Journal of sports science & medicine, 5(CSSI), 28.
Kim, H. D., & Cruz, A. B. (2021). Psychological influence of self-management on exercise
self-confidence, satisfaction, and commitment of martial arts practitioners in Korea: A metaanalytic study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 673525.
Kim, H., & Chalip, L. (2010). Capitalizing on a sport's association with an international
destination: the illustrative example of Tae Kwon Do. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 15(3), 245-
Kim, H.-D., & Cruz, A. B. (2021). Psychological influence of self-management on exercise
self-confidence, satisfaction, and commitment of martial arts practitioners in Korea: A metaanalytic study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 649204.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.649204
Ko, Y. J., & Kim, Y. K. (2010). Martial arts participation: Consumer motivation. International
Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 11(3), 231-248.
Ko, Y. J., & Kim, Y. K. (2010). Martial arts participation: Consumer motivation. International
Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 11(2), 2-20.
Kostikiadis, I. N., Methenitis, S., Tsoukos, A., Veligekas, P., Terzis, G., & Bogdanis, G. C.
(2018). The effect of short-term sport-specific strength and conditioning training on physical
fitness of well-trained mixed martial arts athletes. Journal of sports science & medicine, 17(3),
Kuśnierz, C., et al. (2020). Determinants of life satisfaction in martial arts practitioners and
team-sports players. Archives of Budo, 16, 85-96.
Kuśnierz, C., Nowak, P., & Görner, K. (2020). Determinants of life satisfaction in martial arts
practitioners and team-sports players. Archives of Budo, 16, 83-89.
Li, J., Hsu, C. C., & Lin, C. T. (2019). Leisure participation behavior and psychological wellbeing of elderly adults: An empirical study of Tai Chi Chuan in China. International Journal
of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18), 3387.
Lipowski, M., Krokosz, D., Łada, A., Sližik, M., & Pasek, M. (2019). Sense of coherence and
connectedness to nature as predictors of motivation for practicing karate. International Journal
of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(14), 2483.
Low, W. R., Freeman, P., Butt, J., Stoker, M., & Maynard, I. (2022). The role and creation of
pressure in training: Perspectives of athletes and sport psychologists. Journal of Applied Sport
Psychology, 1-21.
Malchrowicz-Mośko, E., Zarębski, P., & Kwiatkowski, G. (2020). What triggers us to be
involved in martial arts? Relationships between motivations and gender, age, and training
experience. Sustainability, 12(16), 6521.
Mataruna-Dos-Santos, L. J., Gurgel Alencar de Carvalho, M. C., Callan, M., & Nauright, J.
(2020). Martial arts. Routledge Handbook of Global Sport.
McCardle, L., Young, B. W., & Baker, J. (2019). Self-regulated learning and expertise
development in sport: Current status, challenges, and future opportunities. International Review
of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12(1), 36-68.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2018.1486826
Messaud, W. B. (2016). Karate, and the perception of the sport. Ido Movement for Culture.
Journal of Martial Arts, 16(2), 35-44.
Mohebi, M., Gharayagh Zandi, H., Besharat, M. A., & Kordi, M. (2020). Resilience and
emotional reactions to failure mediated by self-compassion and emotion regulation in martial
artists. Sport Sciences and Health Research, 5(1), 37-48.
Molanorouzi, K., Khoo, S., & Morris, T. (2015). Motives for adult participation in physical
activity: type of activity, age, and gender. BMC public health, 15(1), 1-12.
Nakonechnyi, I., & Galan, Y. (2017). Development of behavioral self-regulation of adolescents
in the process of mastering martial arts. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(4), 2217-
Pickard, A., & Bailey, R. (2009). Crystallising experiences among young elite dancers. Sport,
Education and Society, 14(2), 165-181.
Price, M. S., & Weiss, M. R. (2013). Relationships among coach leadership, peer leadership,
and adolescent athletes’ psychosocial and team outcomes: A test of transformational leadership
theory. Journal of applied sport psychology, 25(2), 265-279.
Reinboth, M., & Duda, J. L. (2006). Perceived motivational climate, need satisfaction and
indices of well-being in team sports: A longitudinal perspective. Psychology of sport and
exercise, 7(3), 269-286.
Rushall, B. S., & Fox, R. G. (1980). An approach-avoidance motivations scale for sporting
environments. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 5, 39-43.
Strachan, L., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. (2011). A new view: Exploring positive youth development
in elite sport contexts. Qualitative research in sport, Exercise and health, 3(1), 9-32.
Tony Blomqvist Mickelsson (2020) Modern unexplored martial arts – what can mixed martial
arts and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu do for youth development?, European Journal of Sport Science,
:3, 386-393.
Tulendiyeva, A., Saliev, T., Andassova, Z. et al. Historical overview of injury prevention in
traditional martial arts. Sport Sci Health 17, 837–848 (2021).
Tulendiyeva, A., Saliev, T., Andassova, Z., Issabayev, A., & Fakhradiyev, I. (2021). Historical
overview of injury prevention in traditional martial arts. Sport Sciences for Health, 17(4), 837-
Vertonghen, J., & Theeboom, M. (2010). The social-psychological outcomes of martial arts
practise among youth: A review. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9(4), 528-537.
Vertonghen, J., & Theeboom, M. (2010). The social-psychological outcomes of martial arts
practise among youth: A review. Journal of sports science & medicine, 9(4), 528.
Yang, H., Wen, X., & Xu, F. (2020). The influence of positive emotion and sports hope on precompetition state anxiety in martial arts players. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 11.
Zeng, H. Z., Cynarski, W. J., Baatz, S., & Park, S. J. (2015). Exploring Motivations of
Taekwondo Athletes/Students in New York City. World Journal of Education, 5(1), 41-53.
Zeng, Z. H. (2019). A Study of Youth Martial Arts Athletes' Engagement Motivations and Their
Health-Related Behaviors. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology,
(2), 57-69
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
