Desarrollo de estilo de vida activo: una brief review sobre las barreras socioculturales y de género en la infancia y adolescencia (Development of active lifestyle: a brief review on sociocultural and gender barriers in childhood and adolescence)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.103976Palabras clave:
Actividad física, correlatos, conducta, educación física, jóvenesResumen
El objetivo del estudio fue revisar en la literatura cuáles son las barreras socioculturales y de género para la práctica de actividad física de niños y adolescentes y como pueden influir en el desarrollo de un estilo de vida activo. Se realizó una scoping review para ofrecer una visión exploratoria de la literatura y se llevó a cabo utilizando las bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science y Scopus. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2000-2023 en español, inglés o portugués realizados en niños y/o adolescentes (de 6 hasta 17 años) que ofrecían información relevante sobre actividad física en niños y/o adolescentes; con una muestra solo de niñas, solo de niños o de ambos; estudios de revisión (metaanálisis o scoping), originales (transversales, prospectivos, intervenciones y longitudinales); y estudios que presenten una discusión sobre las barreras para la práctica de actividad física, sea en sus resultados o discusión con la literatura. Los artículos revisados sugieren una reorientación de enfoques educativos y políticos; un apoyo familiar especialmente de las madres, en la promoción de la actividad física; y una consideración para romper con los estereotipos de género en el entorno escolar.
Palabras clave: Actividad física; correlatos; conducta; educación física; jóvenes.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to review in the literature the sociocultural and gender barriers to physical activity of children and adolescents and how they can influence the development of an active lifestyle. A scoping review was conducted to provide an exploratory overview of the literature and was carried out using electronic databases: PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies published between 2000-2023 in Spanish, English, or Portuguese were included, focusing on children and/or adolescents (6 to 17 years old) that provided relevant information on physical activity in this age group. The inclusion criteria covered studies with samples consisting only of girls, only boys, or both; review studies (meta-analyses or scoping reviews), original studies (cross-sectional, prospective, interventions, and longitudinal); and studies presenting a discussion on barriers to physical activity practice, either in their results or discussion with the literature. The reviewed articles suggest a need for a reorientation of educational and political approaches, family support, especially from mothers, in promoting physical activity, and consideration to break gender stereotypes in the school environment.
Keywords: Physical activity; correlates; behavior; physical education; youth.
Citas
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