Análisis de los factores de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca afectados tras una prueba de toleran-cia a la hipoxia en función del género (Analysis of the factors of heart rate variability affected after a hypoxia tolerance test as a function of gender)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.102983

Palabras clave:

Heart rate variability, normobaric hypoxia, stress, autonomic nervous system

Resumen

La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) es la variación de los intervalos de tiempo entre latidos cardíacos y refleja el resultado de la interacción entre el sistema nervioso autónomo y el sistema cardiovascular. La hipoxia es un factor estresante que provoca cambios en la VFC y una disminución en la saturación arterial de oxígeno (SaO2). El objetivo de nuestro estudio es analizar si los dominios de tiempo y frecuencia de la VFC se ven afectados tras una prueba de tolerancia a la hipoxia en participantes sanos en función del género. Material y métodos: 23 voluntarios sanos (11 mujeres y 12 hombres) con una edad media de 23.08±2.99 realizaron una prueba de tolerancia a la hipoxia (11%, 5050 m) con el simulador iAltitude. Se monitorizó la frecuencia cardíaca y la SaO2 durante la prueba y se obtuvieron datos de la VFC en los dominios de frecuencia (DF) y tiempo (DT). Analizamos los cinco minutos antes y después de cada sesión. Resultados: La hipoxia inducida por la altitud simulada puede causar cambios en la VFC en un grupo de individuos sanos. También se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre antes y después de la prueba de hipoxia normobárica en las variables de dominio de tiempo RRm, SDNN, HRm, HR STD, pNN50. Además, en las mujeres se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en RMSSD y en las variables de dominio de frecuencia HF y LF/HF. Mientras que en los hombres se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en SDNN. Tanto en hombres como en mujeres, se observaron diferencias significativas en RRm, HRm y pNN50. Conclusión: Las diferencias encontradas en la VFC después de la prueba de tolerancia a la hipoxia indican que las mujeres muestran una mayor activación del sistema nervioso parasimpático en comparación con los hombres. Mientras que los hombres mostraron una mayor activación simpática.

Palabras clave: Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca, hipoxia normobárica, estrés, sistema nervioso autónomo. (Heart rate variability, normobaric hypoxia, stress, autonomic nervous system)

Abstract. Heart rate variability (HRV), the variation of time intervals between heartbeats, reflects the result of the interaction between the autonomic nervous system and the cardiovascular system. Hypoxia is a stressor that causes changes in HRV and a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). The aim of our study is to analyse if the time and frequency domains of HRV are affected after a hypoxia tolerance test in healthy participants as a function of gender. Material and methods: 23 healthy volunteers (11 women and 12 men) with a mean age of 23.08±2.99 performed a hypoxia tolerance test (11%, 5050 m) with the iAltitude simulator. Heart rate and SaO2 were monitored during the test and HRV frequency domain (FD) and time domain (TD) data were obtained. We analysed the five minutes before and after each session. Outcomes: Simulated altitude-induced hypoxia can cause changes in HRV in a group of healthy individuals. Statistically significant differences were also found between before and after the normobaric hypoxia test in the time-domain variables RRm, SDNN, HRm, HR STD, pNN50. In addition, in women statistically significant differences were found in RMSSD, and in the frequency-domain variables HF and LF/HF. While in males, statistically significant differences were found in SDNN. In both men and women, significant differences were observed in RRm, HRm and pNN50. Conclusion: The differences found in HRV after the hypoxia tolerance test indicate that females show a greater activation of the parasympathetic nervous system compared to males. While males showed greater sympathetic activation.

Keywords: Heart rate variability, normobaric hypoxia, stress, autonomic nervous system.

Citas

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Publicado

2024-03-27

Cómo citar

Rochel Vera, C., Albertus Cámara, I. ., & Martínez González-Moro, I. (2024). Análisis de los factores de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca afectados tras una prueba de toleran-cia a la hipoxia en función del género (Analysis of the factors of heart rate variability affected after a hypoxia tolerance test as a function of gender). Retos, 55, 177–183. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.102983

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas