La experiencia del embarazo y la maternidad en la carrera de las deportistas brasileñas: un estudio cualitativo (The experience of pregnancy and motherhood in the career of Brazilian’s sportswomen: a qualitative study)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.102254

Palabras clave:

Deportistas, Embarazo, Maternidad, Mujeres deportistas, Investigación cualitativa, Transición profesional, Iramuteq

Resumen

La maternidad es un periodo en el que se produce la deconstrucción de una identidad y la reconstrucción de otra, lo que incluye cambios en el autoconcepto, el compromiso y el aprendizaje. Para las atletas madres, los cambios impactan en su carrera. Pretendemos describir la experiencia de estar embarazada para un grupo de atletas brasileñas. Un estudio cualitativo descriptivo y exploratorio se llevó a cabo siguiendo las normas de orientación para la presentación de informes de investigación cualitativa (SRQR). Se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con nueve atletas brasileñas, todas ellas deportistas profesionales en el momento de quedarse embarazadas. Se utilizó el Muestreo de Variación Máxima y la técnica de bola de nieve. El análisis se hizo con el software Iramuteq, que realizó Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente (DHC) y Análisis de Similitud. Los nueve deportistas tenían una edad media de 38,3 años (DE: 5,5 años), pertenecían a distintos niveles y deportes, y todas tenían al menos un hijo. Se identificaron 488 segmentos de texto, divididas en cinco clases: Historia en el deporte; Planificación del embarazo y posparto inmediato; Conciliación de las rutinas de atleta y madre; Narrativa de apoyo social; Cuidado de los hijos. Los resultados indican que las atletas pueden tener ingresos emocionales en la conciliación de la maternidad con sus carreras deportivas en la medida en que tienen el apoyo social, la planificación relativa para quedarse embarazada, y tener la libertad de compaginar su rutina deportiva con el cuidado del bebé.

Palabras clave: Deportistas; Embarazo; Maternidad, Mujeres Deportistas; Investigación cualitativa; Transición professional; Iramuteq.

Abstract. Motherhood is a period there is a deconstruction of one identity and reconstruction of another, including changes in self-concept, commitment, and learning. For athletes who become mothers, these changes also occur and impact in their career. We aim to describe the experience of being pregnant for a group of Brazilian athletes, understanding the impact of maternity on the career and the postpartum for these women. A qualitative descriptive and exploratory study was conducted followed the guideline Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR). We are using the semi-structured interviews with nine Brazilian athletes all of whom were professional athletes at the time they became pregnant. Maximum Variation Sampling and the snowball technique were used. The analysis was done using Iramuteq software, which performed Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC) and Similarity Analysis. The nine athletes had a mean age of 38.3 years (SD: 5.5 years), from different levels and sports, and all had at least one child. We identified 488 text segments, which resulted in two branches, divided into five classes: History in sport (class 2); Pregnancy planning and immediate postpartum (class 5); reconciling the routines of athlete and mother (class 3); Social support narrative (class 4); Childcare (class 1). The findings indicate that athletes can have emotional ga ins in reconcile motherhood with their sports careers to the extent that they have social support, relative planning to become pregnant, and reconcile their athletic routine with baby care.

Keywords: Athletes; Pregnancy; Maternity, Sportswoman; Qualitative research; Career transition; Iramuteq.

Biografía del autor/a

Juliana Aparecida de Oliveira Camilo, Universidade Federal da Bahia

Bachelor Degree in Psychology. PhD of Social Psycology. Professor Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brasil.

Hiago Veras Gomes, Universidade Federal do Pará

Bachelor Degree in Psychology, Doctorate in Theory and Research of Behavior. Behavioral Theory and Research Nucleus of the Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brasil.

Livian Valéria Oliveira da Silva, Universidade Federal do Ceará

Graduate degree in Physical Education in Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil

Eline Sousa Paz, Universidade Federal do Ceará

Graduate degree in Physical Education in Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.

Diego Cardoso Rodrigues, Universidade Federal do Ceará

Graduate degree in Physical Education in Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.

Domingo Palacios-Ceña, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Professor Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science of Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Hum&QrinHS), Alcorcón, Spain.

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Publicado

2024-03-01

Cómo citar

Viana-Meireles, L. G., de Oliveira Camilo, J. A., Veras Gomes, H., Oliveira da Silva, L. V. ., Sousa Paz, E., Cardoso Rodrigues, D., & Palacios-Ceña, D. (2024). La experiencia del embarazo y la maternidad en la carrera de las deportistas brasileñas: un estudio cualitativo (The experience of pregnancy and motherhood in the career of Brazilian’s sportswomen: a qualitative study). Retos, 52, 521–530. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.102254

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