Efectos de cuatro días consecutivos de prueba de una repetición máxima sobre el rendimiento neuro-muscular, el dolor muscular y la recuperación percibida (Effects of four consecutive one-repetition maximum testing days on neuromuscular performance, muscle soreness and perceived recovery)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101433Palabras clave:
Fuerza, Test, FiabilidadResumen
Propósito: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la confiabilidad de la prueba de una repetición máxima (1RM) y evaluar los posibles efectos negativos de esta prueba sobre el rendimiento neuromuscular posterior y la recuperación percibida. Método: Estudio transversal en el que los sujetos asistieron durante cuatro días consecutivos a realizar una prueba incremental de 1RM en press de banca. Durante cada sesión de prueba, se registraron el valor de 1RM, la velocidad de movimiento contra una carga submáxima (50% de 1RM), la recuperación percibida, el dolor muscular (DOMS) y la calificación del esfuerzo percibido (RPE). El análisis se realizó clasificando a los sujetos en dos grupos (más fuertes: ≥ 1,2 1RM/peso corporal; y más débiles: < 1,2 1RM/peso corporal). Resultados: La confiabilidad de los valores de 1RM fue de buena a excelente (ICC3,1 = 0,83-0,99), mientras que los valores de SEm fueron bajos (< 6%). Los resultados no mostraron cambios significativos ni en los valores de 1RM ni en la velocidad de movimiento frente a una carga de 50% de 1RM a lo largo de los días. Los valores de RPE informados fueron altos (6,5 a 8) pero se mantuvieron sin cambios entre las sesiones. La recuperación percibida sólo se vio afectada en el grupo más fuerte a partir del tercer día, a pesar de que los valores informados estaban entre "moderadamente" y "bien recuperados". Los DOMS fueron significativamente más altos durante el tercer y cuarto día de prueba en ambos grupos, pero se mantuvieron bajos en valores (<3,3 en una escala de 0 a 10). Conclusiones: Los días consecutivos de pruebas de 1RM no afectaron significativamente el rendimiento neuromuscular, y sólo se encontraron efectos leves sobre el dolor muscular percibido y la recuperación percibida.
Palabras clave: fuerza; pruebas; fiabilidad
Abstract. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) test and to assess the potential negative effects of this test on subsequent neuromuscular performance and perceived recovery. Method: A cross-sectional study in which subjects attended four consecutive days to perform an incremental 1RM test in the bench press. During each testing session, 1RM value, movement velocity against a submaximal (50% 1RM) load, perceived recovery, muscle soreness (DOMS), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. The analysis was performed by sorting the subjects into two groups (stronger: ≥ 1.2 1RM/bodyweight; and weaker: < 1.2 1RM/ bodyweight). Results: The reliability of 1RM values was good to excellent (ICC3,1 = 0.83-0.99), while SEm values were low (< 6%). The results showed no significant changes either in 1RM values or in movement velocity against 50% 1RM load over the days. The reported RPE values were high (6.5 to 8) but remained unchanged across sessions. Perceived recovery was only affected in the stronger group from the third day, despite the reported values being between “moderately” and “well recovered.” DOMS were significantly higher during the third and fourth testing days in both groups but remained low in values (< 3.3 in a 0 to 10 scale). Conclusions: Consecutive days of 1RM testing did not significantly affect neuromuscular performance, and only slight effects were found on perceived muscle soreness and perceived recovery.
Keywords: strength; testing; reliability
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