Resumen de la evidencia sobre respuestas y adaptaciones derivadas del entrenamiento de CrossFit. Una revisión sistemática (Summary of the evidence on responses and adaptations derived from CrossFit training. A systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93442Palabras clave:
Crossfit, Acute responses, Chronic adaptations, Physiology, PsychologyResumen
Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión es describir el estado de la evidencia científica relacionada con las respuestas agudas y crónicas del entrenamiento tipo CrossFit. Método: este estudio siguió las directrices de la guía Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Sólo se incluyeron artículos originales publicados con anterioridad al 7 de junio de 2022, fueron consultadas cinco bases de datos. Se encontró un total de 994 publicaciones originales. De ellas, un total de 62 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: los practicantes adquieren una mayor adherencia a la práctica de CrossFit y, al mismo tiempo, mejoran su rendimiento físico. El entrenamiento de CrossFit resulta en una mayor demanda fisiológica que otros deportes. Cada entrenamiento y prueba de competición requiere de un perfil de rendimiento específico. Los atletas desarrollan una buena composición corporal tras el entrenamiento de CrossFit a lo largo del tiempo. Proyectos y perspectivas: el requerimiento específico de cada entrenamiento y prueba deben ser estudiados para su categorización. Los índices de fatiga acumulada deberían ser explorados como detectores de síndrome de sobreentrenamiento en practicantes de CrossFit ya que los autores han reportado variables psicológicas relacionadas con la adicción. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento basado en el CrossFit impulsa varios cambios fisiológicos que podrían estar influenciados por la experiencia del atleta. Además, este tipo de entrenamiento requiere una alta demanda fisiológica que es percibida por los practicantes. Sin embargo, los participantes logran adherirse al CrossFit independientemente de sus objetivos. En el caso de los deportistas de alto rendimiento, se han identificado conductas adictivas a este tipo de ejercicio.
Abstract. Objective: The present review aims to describe the state of the scientific evidence that exists about acute and chronic adaptations of CrossFit training. Method: This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement (PRISMA). Original research articles published until 7 June 2020, were searched using five databases. A total of 994 original publications were found. A total of 62 papers matched the inclusion criteria. Results: Short-term effects: CrossFit training results in higher physiological demands than other training modalities. Different work of the day analysed by the studies have shown specific performance demand profiles. Besides psychological and mechanical acute effects have been found after CrossFit sessions. So, the negative moods perception appears to reduce after a CrossFit training session. Long-term effects: maximum oxygen consumption improves after CrossFit programmes, in which experienced athletes seem to achieve a higher gain than recreational athletes. Important changes in body composition have been reported by several studies included in this review. From a psychological perspective, CrossFit practitioners obtain a higher adherence to training than occurs in other training methodologies. Prospects and projects: Specific requirements of every work of the day should be studied for the correct administration to participants. Accumulative fatigue indexes should be explored as an overtraining syndrome in CrossFit athletes because several authors have reported psychological variables related to training addiction. Conclusion: CrossFit-based training drives several physiological changes that could be influenced by the athlete’s expertise. Moreover, this type of training requires a high physiological demand, which is perceived by athletes. Nevertheless, participants achieve adherence to CrossFit regardless of their objectives. In the case of high-performance athletes, addictive exercise behaviours have been identified.
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- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
