Diferencias entre jugadores expertos y noveles en el tiempo de ejecución y toma de decisiones en ac-ciones técnico-tácticas en fútbol (pase y conducción) realizadas en condiciones de laboratorio (Differences between expert and novice players in execution time and decision-making in technical-tactical actions in football (passing and driving) performed under laboratory conditions)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101267

Palabras clave:

Rendimiento ´psicomotor, cognición, futbol, prueba stroop, atletas

Resumen

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las diferencias entre jugadores expertos y noveles en cuanto al tiempo de ejecución (ET) y toma de decisiones (DMA) en acciones técnico-tácticas en fútbol realizadas en condiciones de laboratorio. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, comparativo, analítico y transversal. Se evaluaron simultáneamente cuatro grupos de jugadores, divididos en expertos (dos grupos: Envigado FC, n = 16 y Leones FC, n = 12) y novatos (dos grupos: Formantioquia, n = 14 y Unal, n = 13). Resultados: a partir del análisis t de Student se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre expertos y novatos en todas las variables. (DMA, ET e Índice Total: TI) (P < 0, 05); sin embargo, en la variable DMA, el tamaño del efecto (0,37) y el poder estadístico (0,26) muestran que el grupo de expertos tiene un mayor nivel de desempeño en comparación con el grupo de novatos. Sin embargo, ocurre lo contrario con el resto de variables, donde el tamaño del efecto y el poder estadístico son 1,76 y 1,00 para ET y 1,1428571 y 0,99 para TI, lo que muestra que el grupo de expertos tiene un mayor nivel de desempeño que el grupo de novatos. Asimismo, mediante ANOVA (Análisis de varianza) y pruebas Post hoc no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos de expertos y entre los dos grupos de novatos en ninguna de las variables (DMA, ET, TI). Sin embargo, Leones FC no mostró diferencias en ninguna de las variables con los dos grupos de novatos. Conclusión: existen diferencias en el nivel de desempeño entre expertos y novatos en las variables TI y ET, pero no en DMA si tomamos en cuenta la significación estadística, el tamaño del efecto y el poder estadístico. Sin embargo, Leones FC no mostró diferencias con los novatos ni con el experto Envigado FC, lo que indica que Leones FC puede asumirse como un equipo experto similar al Envigado FC; sin embargo, sus valores promedio en ET y TI no lo ubican estadísticamente por encima de los dos novatos.

Palabras clave: desempeño psicomotor, cognición, fútbol, ​​test de stroop, élite.

Abstract. The objective of this research was to analyze the differences between expert and novice players regarding execution time (ET) and decision-making (DMA) in technical-tactical actions in football performed under laboratory conditions. Methodology: quantitative, comparative, analytical, and cross-sectional study. Four groups of players were simultaneously evaluated, divided into experts (two groups: Envigado FC, n = 16 and Leones FC, n = 12) and novices (two groups: Formantioquia, n = 14 and Unal, n = 13). Results: from a Student-t analysis, statistically significant differences were found between experts and novices in all variables. (DMA, ET, and Total Index: TI) (P < 0, 05); however, in the variable DMA, the effect size (0.37) and statistical power (0.26) show that the expert group has a higher level of performance compared to the novice group. Nevertheless, the opposite happens with the other variables, where the effect size and statistical power are 1.76 and 1.00 for ET and 1.1428571 and 0.99 for TI, which show that the expert group has a higher level of performance than the novice group. Likewise, using ANOVA (Analysis of variance) and Post hoc tests, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of experts and between the two groups of novices in any of the variables (DMA, ET, TI). However, Leones FC showed no difference in any of the variables with the two novice groups. Conclusion: there are differences in the level of performance between experts and novices in the TI and ET variables, but not in DMA if we take into account statistical significance, effect size, and statistical power. However, Leones FC showed no differences with the novices or with the expert Envigado FC, indicating that Leones FC can be assumed as an expert team similar to Envigado FC; however, its average values in ET and TI do not place it statistically above the two novices.

Keywords: psychomotor performance, cognition, soccer, stroop test, elite.

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2024-03-01

Cómo citar

Calle-Jaramillo, G. A., Gonzalez-Palacio, E. V., Rojas Jaramillo, A., & Gonzalez-Jurado, J. A. (2024). Diferencias entre jugadores expertos y noveles en el tiempo de ejecución y toma de decisiones en ac-ciones técnico-tácticas en fútbol (pase y conducción) realizadas en condiciones de laboratorio (Differences between expert and novice players in execution time and decision-making in technical-tactical actions in football (passing and driving) performed under laboratory conditions). Retos, 52, 402–409. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101267

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas