¿Ocurre la Potenciación Post-Activación Estimulada (PAPE) con ejercicios de fuerza en superficies inestables? Efectos en el salto y la carrera en un ensayo cruzado aleatorizado

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.110599

Palabras clave:

Performance Enhancement, Warm-up, resistance training, Unstable strength training, Athletes

Resumen

Introducción: El efecto de la Potenciación Post-Activación Estimulada (PAPE) ha sido investigado utilizando diversos ejercicios de fuerza y equipos de entrenamiento.

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los ejercicios de fuerza dinámicos en plataformas inestables en la capacidad de salto y la velocidad lineal en atletas de salto y velocistas universitarios.

Metodología: Se implementó un diseño cruzado controlado y aleatorizado con 15 atletas de la Universidad de Antioquia. Los participantes tenían al menos seis semanas de experiencia en entrenamiento, considerando que la variabilidad en los años de entrenamiento podría influir en los resultados. El estudio duró tres semanas, con dos intervenciones aleatorizadas.

Al inicio, los participantes realizaron tres sesiones de familiarización con ejercicios de fuerza en plataformas inestables. Luego, se realizaron pruebas previas para medir la velocidad en 20 metros y el salto en contramovimiento, formando dos grupos: el Grupo A hizo un protocolo de calentamiento estándar, mientras que el Grupo B completó tres series de ocho repeticiones de ejercicios de fuerza sobre Bosu con dos minutos de recuperación. Se repitieron las pruebas a los 0, 5, 9 y 12 minutos después de la intervención. Tras un período de lavado de siete días, se intercambiaron protocolos. Un analista estadístico cegado utilizó ANOVA de medidas repetidas y pruebas post-hoc de Tukey para las comparaciones, con análisis gráfico realizado en R Studio.

Resultados: Ambos protocolos mejoraron significativamente el rendimiento en el salto en contramovimiento y en la velocidad de carrera (p < 0.001). Sin embargo, el grupo experimental mostró una potenciación inmediata en la velocidad, mientras que el grupo control la experimentó en el minuto 9 (p < 0.001).

Conclusiones: Los calentamientos de fuerza en plataformas inestables producen efectos de Potenciación Post-Activación Estimulada similares a los calentamientos dinámicos estables en variables neuromusculares como el salto en contramovimiento y la velocidad de carrera.

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Publicado

2025-03-27

Cómo citar

Cardona Gómez, J. S., & Rojas Jaramillo, A. (2025). ¿Ocurre la Potenciación Post-Activación Estimulada (PAPE) con ejercicios de fuerza en superficies inestables? Efectos en el salto y la carrera en un ensayo cruzado aleatorizado. Retos, 67, 182–195. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v67.110599

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Artículos de carácter científico: investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas