Asociación entre la condición física y el estado ponderal en escolares de Educación Primaria (Association between physical condition and weight status in primary school students)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100788Palabras clave:
Condición Física, Capacidad cardiorespiratoria, Velocidad, Capacidades físicas, Competencia motrizResumen
La evidencia científica señala que la condición física es un biomarcador de salud desde la primera infancia y un gran predictor de salud y hábitos saludables a lo largo de la vida. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer el nivel de condición física en escolares de 6 a 12 años en función del sexo y ciclos de Educación Primaria (EP). Un objetivo secundario fue establecer si existe asociación o no entre la condición física y el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Método: 379 estudiantes (172 niñas) de EP con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 12 años, participaron en el presente estudio de carácter descriptivo- transversal en Andalucía. Las pruebas desarrolladas fueron: velocidad 25m, Test de 20m de ida y vuelta (capacidad aeróbica) y salto horizontal (fuerza). Resultados: Se observó diferencias significativas por sexos: los niños mostraron mejor rendimiento en la prueba de capacidad aeróbica (p<0.05) y velocidad (p<0.001) con respecto a las niñas. Además, se halló diferencias significativas por sexos en los ciclos de EP. Conclusiones: Los niños muestran unos mejores niveles de condición física con respecto a las niñas en todas las variables analizadas. Además, la asociación entre la condición física y el IMC muestra que una mejor condición física correlaciona positivamente con un IMC más bajo, corroborando la importancia que tiene la condición física desde las primeras etapas como biomarcador de salud y prevención de obesidad infantil.
Palabras clave: condición física, capacidad aeróbica, velocidad, capacidades físicas, competencia motriz.
Abstract. Evidence indicates that physical fitness is a biomarker of health from early childhood and a strong predictor of health and healthy habits throughout life. Objective: The objective of this study was to know the level of physical fitness in schoolchildren from 6 to 12 years old depending on sex and Primary Education (PE) cycles. A secondary objective was to establish whether or not exist an association between physical condition and body mass index (BMI). Methods: 379 PE students (172 girls) aged 6 to 12 years participated in this descriptive-cross-sectional study in Andalusia. The tests performed were: 25 m speed, 20-m shuttle run test (cardiorespiratory capacity) and horizontal jump (lower limb strength). Results: Significant differences by sex were observed: boys showed better performance in the cardiorespiratory fitness test (p<0.05) and speed (p<0.001) with respect to girls. In addition, significant sex differences were found in the PE cycles. Conclusions: Boys show better levels of physical fitness compared to girls in all the variables analyzed. Furthermore, the association between physical condition and BMI shows that better physical fitness positively correlates with a lower BMI, corroborating the importance of physical condition from the early stages as a biomarker of health and prevention of childhood obesity.
Key words: physical fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, physical abilities, motor skills, motor competency.
Citas
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