La rapidez en la toma de decisiones como elemento clave para el rendimiento de los futbolistas profesionales y de cantera (Speed of decision-making as a key element for professional and academy soccer players’ performances)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.100355Palabras clave:
fútbol, lectura del juego, habilidades perceptivo-cognitivas, habilidades perceptivo-motoras, tiempo de respuesta, desarrollo del talentoResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue: i) comparar el número de decisiones tomadas en partidos oficiales entre jugadores de la cantera y profesionales y ii) comparar la calidad y velocidad de la toma de decisiones entre jugadores de la cantera y profesionales. En el experimento 1 evaluamos 12 partidos de fútbol (7 profesionales y 5 de la cantera) a través del análisis notacional. En el experimento 2 evaluamos a 138 jugadores de fútbol de nivel profesional (n = 42) y de de la cantera (n = 96). Se utilizó el TacticUP® para evaluar las habilidades de lectura del juego y de toma de decisiones. Los resultados indicaron que los jugadores profesionales toman alrededor de un 56% más decisiones que los jugadores de la cantera en partidos oficiales de sus respectivos torneos. Además, los jugadores profesionales son más rápidos en la toma de decisiones en todas las situaciones del partido: con balón (fase ofensiva), sin balón (fases ofensiva y defensiva), cerca y lejos del balón. A partir de los resultados, comprobamos que tanto en situaciones in situ (partido oficial) como in vitro (prueba controlada) la rapidez en la toma de decisiones fue un rasgo distintivo del rendimiento entre jugadores profesionales y de cantera.
Palabras clave: fútbol; lectura del juego; habilidades perceptivo-cognitivas; habilidades perceptivo-motoras; tiempo de respuesta; desarrollo del talento.
Abstract. This study aimed to: i) compare the number of decisions made in official matches between youth academy and professional soccer players and ii) compare the quality and speed of decision-making between youth academy and professional players. In experiment 1 we assessed 12 soccer matches (7 professional and 5 academy matches) through notational analysis. In experiment 2 we assessed 138 soccer players from professional (n = 42) and academy (n = 96) levels. The TacticUP® was used to assess game reading and decision-making skills. Results indicated that professional players make around 56% more decisions than youth academy players in official matches of their respective tournaments. In addition, professional players are quicker in making decisions for all match situations: with the ball (offensive phase), without the ball (offensive and defensive phases), near and distant from the ball. Based on the results, we verified that both in situ (official match) and in vitro (controlled test) situations the speed of decision-making was a distinguishing feature of performance between professional and youth academy players.
Keywords: football; game reading; perceptual-cognitive skills; perceptual-motor skills; response time; talent development.
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