Oxidative stress and Parkinson's disease

Abstract

The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still unknown. Genetic factors and environmental exposure have been suggested in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. But the cause of dopaminergic cell loss in patients with PD remains unknown. During the last decade studies of the pathogenesis of PD have centred on the oxidative damage to the substantia nigra pars compacta. An increased free radical production and an inadequate antioxidant defence system have been reported, which could contribute to the biopathology of PD. The GSH levels in the brain are decreased,and iron levels in the substantia nigra are elevated. Moreover there are changes in SOD with an increased activity in the substantia nigra. The possible implication of oxidative stress in cell loss has encouraged research into the role of certain antioxidant agents, such as dietary compounds and drugs, as protective agents against PD.