Trabajo nocturno y riesgo de cáncer de mama y próstata: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis, 2012-2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1149Palabras clave:
Neoplasias de Mama, Neoplasias de Próstata, Horario de Trabajo por Turnos, Revisión Sistemática, Salud LaboralResumen
Fundamento. La IARC clasificó el trabajo nocturno como grupo 2A, probable carcinógeno para humanos. Este estudio actualiza la evidencia sobre la relación entre trabajo nocturno y riesgo de cáncer de mama y de próstata.
Metodología. Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed y Web of Science. Se incluyeron estudios de casos y controles y de cohortes con estos criterios de inclusión: trabajo nocturno como factor de riesgo, muestra >100 personas, texto completo, en inglés o español, puntuación ≥6 en la Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa, y tenían que aportar el riesgo relativo (RR) o la odds ratio (OR) junto con su intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Se calculó la heterogeneidad (I2) y la calidad. La síntesis siguió la guía PRISMA.
Resultados. Los 21 estudios incluidos aportaron 586.890 participantes. Para cáncer de mama, los estudios de cohortes encontraron una relación global débil (RR=0,82; IC95%: 0,67-0,99; I2=91%) y, para exposiciones <10 años, una RR=0,75 (IC95%: 0,68-0,82; I2=0%), con calidad 7 y alta heterogeneidad. Respecto al cáncer de próstata, los estudios de casos y controles presentaron una OR=1,14 (IC95%: 1,02-1,27) y, para exposiciones ≥10 años, tanto el RR (2,20; IC95%: 1,35–3,59) como la OR (1,16; IC95%: 1,03-1,30) fueron significativos. La calidad global fue 6 y la heterogeneidad fue baja (25%).
Conclusiones. Se observó una relación débil entre trabajo nocturno y cáncer de próstata, en estudios de casos y controles y en ambos tipos de estudios para exposiciones ≥10 años, pero no para cáncer de mama. Estos hallazgos no son concluyentes y se requieren más estudios.
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