A data de nascimento e sua influência no handebol de elite espanhol. O efeito da idade relativa

Autores

  • Sergio Murcia López Universidad de Valencia
  • Ana Ferri-Caruana Universidad de Valencia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.99738

Palavras-chave:

edad relativa, balonmano, deporte, maduración, desarrollo deportivo

Resumo

A classificação contínua dos atletas com base na data de nascimento gera, no mundo do esporte, desigualdades quanto ao número de oportunidades de aprendizagem. Esta investigação pretende saber como o efeito da idade relativa influencia as principais ligas espanholas de andebol. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a influência deste efeito e determinar até que ponto o sexo e a nacionalidade dos jogadores podem afetar a sua presença. Para realizar esta análise foram recolhidas as datas de nascimento, sexo e nacionalidade dos 1.141 jogadores masculinos e femininos das duas principais ligas espanholas durante os anos entre 2018 e 2021. Após classificá-los por trimestre de nascimento (n Tri1 = 309 [ 27,1%], n Tri2 = 319 [28,0%], n Tri3 = 266 [23,3%], n Tri4 = 247 [21,6%]) e assumindo distribuição igualitária, foram calculadas as estatísticas descritivas e as frequências. Foi realizado o teste qui-quadrado X² para verificar se a data de nascimento era ou não uma vantagem ao pertencer a uma equipe. Os resultados mostraram que não existem diferenças significativas em nenhuma das ligas (p = 0,078 na liga masculina e p = 0,129 na liga feminina). Desta forma, foi demonstrado como o efeito da idade relativa afeta da mesma forma independentemente do sexo. Por outro lado, no que diz respeito à nacionalidade, os resultados mostraram como as diferenças foram mais notáveis ​​no caso dos jogadores estrangeiros, encontrando diferenças significativas (p = 0,048). Assim, apesar de não existirem diferenças significativas em nenhuma das ligas, as diferenças observadas na amostra total, bem como em alguns dos subgrupos analisados, incentivam a continuação da investigação e a sensibilização para este efeito.

Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem, Desempenho, Quarto de nascimento, Crescimento, Desenvolvimento desportivo.

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Publicado

2024-01-01

Como Citar

Murcia López, S., & Ferri-Caruana, A. (2024). A data de nascimento e sua influência no handebol de elite espanhol. O efeito da idade relativa. Retos, 51, 1122–1128. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.99738

Edição

Secção

Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.