A influência do método de treinamento de baixo volume e alta intensidade nos indicadores de velocidade e qualidades de força de jovens nadadores de alto nível
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.98492Palavras-chave:
high-intensity training, methods of improving speed and strength qualities, swimming, young swimmersResumo
Um dos objetivos é investigar a influência do método de treinamento de alta intensidade e baixo volume nos indicadores de velocidade e habilidades de força em jovens nadadores de alta habilidade. Se utilizaron los siguientes métodos de investiga-ción: probar el nivel de cualidades especiales de velocidad-fuerza en el agua con la ayuda de un equipo que permite la grabación de video subacuático, se registraron los parámetros del nivel de cualidades especiales de velocidad-fuerza na água. Os resultados obtidos no estudo permitiram perceber um aumento no nível geral de velocidade e qualidades de força, a potência da cintura escapular aumentou 16,80% e a velocidade aumentou 13,48% no grupo experimental. O aumento nas qualidades de velocidade e força dos músculos da cintura escapular foi: potência em 23,40% e velocidade em 21,17%. Aumento do nível de velocidade e qualidades de força das extremidades inferiores: potência em 10,99% e velocidade em 2,74%. A avaliação por especialistas independentes mostrou que a aplicação do método de treinamento de alta intensidade e baixo volume também afeta as habilidades básicas de natação dos alunos (elementos técnicos do método de natação escolhido, desenvolvimento das qualidades físicas gerais de um nadador; estrutura racional da técnica de natação na forma escolhida, a força da braçada, a estabilidade e variabilidade da técnica de natação, o desenvolvimento especial da resistência força-velocidade de um nadador). Os indicadores melhoraram em média 0,6 pontos.
Palavras-chave: treinamento de alta intensidade; métodos para melhorar as qualidades de velocidade e força; nadar; jovens nadadores.
Referências
Arad, A. D., DiMenna, F. J., Thomas, N., Tamis-Holland, J., Weil, R., Geliebter, A., & Albu, J. B. (2015). High-intensity interval training without weight loss improves exercise but not basal or insulin-induced metabolism in overweight/obese African American women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(4), 352–362.
Aspenes, S. T., & Karlsen, T. (2012). Exercise-training intervention studies in competitive swimming. Sports Medi-cine, 42(6), 527–543. https://doi.org/10.2165/11630760-000000000-00000
Barbosa, T. M., Bragada, J. A., Reis, V. M., Marinho, D. A., Carvalho, C., & Silva, A. J. (2010). Energetics and biome-chanics as determining factors of swimming performance: Updating the state of the art. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(2), 262–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.01.003
Behringer, M., Vom Heede, A., Yue, Z., & Mester, J. (2010). Effects of resistance training in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 126(5), 1199–1210. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0445
Borea, F., Ceciliani, A., & D'Elia, F. (2021). Bridging the strength gap between able-bodied and disabled tennis players using the Bill Starr training program. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 16, S2005–S2013. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.Proc4.47
Carson, H. J., & Collins, D. (2011). Refining and regaining skills in fixation/diversification stage performers: The five-a model. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(2), 146–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.613682
Contemplas. (2021). TempTemplo swimming analysis GmbH. https://contemplas.com/en/motion-analysis/swimming-analysis/
Crowley, E., Harrison, A. J., & Lyons, M. (2017). The impact of resistance training on swimming performance: A system-atic review. Sports Medicine, 47(11), 2285–2307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0730-2
Davids, K., Kingsbury, D., Bennett, S., & Handford, C. (2001). Information-movement coupling: Implications for the organization of research and practice during acquisition of self-paced extrinsic timing skills. Journal of Sports Scienc-es, 19(2), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404101300036316
Elliott, M. C., Wagner, P. P., & Chiu, L. (2007). Power athletes and distance training. Sports Medicine, 37(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737010-00004
Enoksen, E., Shalfawi, S. A., & Tønnessen, E. (2011). The effect of high- vs. low-intensity training on aerobic capacity in well-trained male middle-distance runners. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(3), 812–818. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc2291
Gastin, P. B. (2001). Energy system interaction and relative contribution during maximal exercise. Sports Medicine, 31(10), 725–741. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131100-00003
Girold, S., Calmels, P., Maurin, D., Milhau, N., & Chatard, J. C. (2006). Assisted and resisted sprint training in swim-ming. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(3), 547–554. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-16754.1
Girold, S., Maurin, D., Dugue, B., Chatard, J. C., & Millet, G. (2007). Effects of dry-land vs. resisted-and assisted-sprint exercises on swimming sprint performances. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(2), 599–605. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-19695.1
Gussakov, I., Nurmukhanbetova, D., Kudashova, L., Afzalova, A., & Kydyrbaeva, D. (2020). Method control of lacatate threshold level for young swimmers with high qualification. Theory and Method of Physical Culture, 3(61), 120–125. https://doi.org/10.48114/2306-5540_2020_3_126
Gussakov, I., Nurmukhanbetova, D., Kulbayev, A., Yermakhanova, A., Lesbekova, R., & Potop, V. (2021). The impact of the high level of intensity training process on the performance and recovery of young swimmers at the national level. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(1), 440–443. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.01044
Hellard, P., Avalos-Fernandes, M., Lefort, G., Pla, R., Mujika, I., Toussaint, J. F., & Pyne, D. B. (2019). Elite swimmers’ training patterns in the 25 weeks prior to their season’s best performances: Insights into periodization from a 20-years cohort. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00363
Kilen, A., Larsson, T. H., Jørgensen, M., Johansen, L., Jørgensen, S., & Nordsborg, N. B. (2014). Effects of 12 weeks high-intensity & reduced-volume training in elite athletes. PloS One, 9(4), e95025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095025
Konstantaki, M., & Winter, E. M. (2007). The effectiveness of a leg-kicking training program on performance and physio-logical measures of competitive swimmers. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 2(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1260%2F174795407780367140
Lang, M., & Light, R. L. (2010). Interpreting and implementing the long term athlete development model: English swim-ming coaches' views on the (swimming) LTAD in practice. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 5(3), 389–402. https://doi.org/10.1260%2F1747-9541.5.3.389
Laursen, P. B. (2010). Training for intense exercise performance: High‐intensity or high‐volume training? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01184.x
Laursen, P. B., Shing, C. M., Peake, J. M., & Coombes, J. S. (2002). Jenkins DG. The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training: Optimising training programmes and maximising performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Sports Med, 32, 53–73. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232010-00003
Magill, R., & Anderson, D. (2010). Motor learning and control. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing.
Mezzaroba, P. V., & Machado, F. A. (2014). Effect of age, anthropometry, and distance in stroke parameters of young swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(4), 702–706. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0278
Naylor, J. C., & Briggs, G. E. (1963). Effects of task complexity and task organization on the relative efficiency of part and whole training methods. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65(3), 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041060
Ní Chéilleachair, N. J., Harrison, A. J., & Warrington, G. D. (2017). HIIT enhances endurance performance and aerobic characteristics more than high-volume training in trained rowers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(11), 1052–1058. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1209539
Nordsborg, N. B., Connolly, L., Weihe, P., Iuliano, E., Krustrup, P., Saltin, B., & Mohr, M. (2015). Oxidative capacity and glycogen content increase more in arm than leg muscle in sedentary women after intense training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(2), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00101.2015
Nugent, F. J., Comyns, T. M., & Warrington, G. D. (2017a). Quality versus quantity debate in swimming: Perceptions and training practices of expert swimming coaches. Journal of Human Kinetics, 57, 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0056
Nugent, F. J., Comyns, T. M., Burrows, E., & Warrington, G. D. (2017b). Effects of low-volume, high-intensity training on performance in competitive swimmers: A systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(3), 837–847. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001583
Plews, D. J., Laursen, P. B., Kilding, A. E., & Buchheit, M. (2014). Heart-rate variability and training-intensity distribution in elite rowers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(6), 1026–1032. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0497
Pugliese, L., Porcelli, S., Bonato, M., Pavei, G., La Torre, A., Maggioni, M. A., Bellistri, G., & Marzorati, M. (2015). Effects of manipulating volume and intensity training in masters swimmers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(7), 907–912. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0171
Pyne, D. B., & Sharp, R. L. (2014). Physical and energy requirements of competitive swimming events. International Jour-nal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 24(4), 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0047
Riley, L., Guthold, R., Cowan, M., Savin, S., Bhatti, L., Armstrong, T., & Bonita, R. (2016). The World Health Organiza-tion STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk-factor surveillance: Methods, challenges, and opportuni-ties. American Journal of Public Health, 106(1), 74–78. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302962
Rippetoe, M., Kilgore, L., & Bradford, S. E. (2010). Practical programming for strength training. Wichita Falls: Aasgaard Company.
Rushall, B. S. (2016). USRPT and training theory II: The overload principle. Swimming Science Bulletin, 60b, 1–20.
Rushall, B. S. (2017). USRPT and training theory V: The specificity principle. Swimming Science Bulletin, 60e, 1–39.
Sánchez, J. A., & Arellano, R. (2002). Stroke index values according to level, gender, swimming style and event race dis-tance. In M. Ae, Y. Enomoto, N. Fujii, H. Takagi (Eds.), ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive (pp. 56–59). Tsukuba, Ja-pan: ISBS.
Seiler, S. (2010). What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5(3), 276–291. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.3.276
Simmons, L. (2007). Westside barbell book of methods. Columbus: Westside Barbell.
Smith, D. J., Norris, S. R., & Hogg, J. M. (2002). Performance evaluation of swimmers. Sports Medicine, 32(9), 539–554. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232090-00001
Sperlich, B., Zinner, C., Heilemann, I., Kjendlie, P. L., Holmberg, H. C., & Mester, J. (2010). High-intensity interval training improves VO 2peak, maximal lactate accumulation, time trial and competition performance in 9–11-year-old swimmers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 110(5), 1029–1036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1586-4
Stöggl, T. L., & Sperlich, B. (2015). The training intensity distribution among well-trained and elite endurance ath-letes. Frontiers in Physiology, 6, 295. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00295
Tendo. (2021). Tendo Units. http://www.old.tendounit.com/tendo-units/
Termin, B., & Pendergast, D. R. (2000). Training using the stroke frequency-velocity relationship to combine biomechani-cal and metabolic paradigms. Journal of Swimming Research, 14, 9–17.
Toussaint, H. M., & Vervoorn, K. (1990). Effects of specific high resistance training in the water on competitive swim-mers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 11(3), 228–233. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024797
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2023 Retos
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e assegurar a revista o direito de ser a primeira publicação da obra como licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite que outros para compartilhar o trabalho com o crédito de autoria do trabalho e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Os autores podem estabelecer acordos adicionais separados para a distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicado na revista (por exemplo, a um repositório institucional, ou publicá-lo em um livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- É permitido e os autores são incentivados a divulgar o seu trabalho por via electrónica (por exemplo, em repositórios institucionais ou no seu próprio site), antes e durante o processo de envio, pois pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como a uma intimação mais Cedo e mais do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre) (em Inglês).
Esta revista é a "política de acesso aberto" de Boai (1), apoiando os direitos dos usuários de "ler, baixar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, pesquisar, ou link para os textos completos dos artigos". (1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
