Descifrando el papel del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad en el cáncer de mama: revisión sistemática (Deciphering the role of high-intensity interval training in breast cancer: systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.90566Palabras clave:
cáncer, entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad, mama., (cancer, high intensity interval training, breast)Resumen
El cáncer de mama es uno de los más extendidos y proliferativo a nivel mundial. Esto provoca un gran impacto en el gasto sanitario. Aunque se sabe que el ejercicio físico mejora diferentes aspectos relacionados con el cáncer, hoy en día se desconoce qué tipo de entrenamiento o intensidad es mejor para esto. El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue conocer los efectos fisiológicos, cognitivos y económicos que aporta el HIIT a este tipo de pacientes. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE y Scopus, a partir de los descriptores “cancer, high intensity interval training y breast”. De los 78 obtenidos inicialmente, 32 cumplieron todos los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios analizados se centran principalmente en añadir un programa HIIT al tratamiento de personas que padece, han padecido o tiene algo riesgo de padecerlo viendo efectos positivos a nivel de capacidades físicas, cognitivo y financiero. Este método es seguro y factible, y conlleva un aumento de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Además, puede mejorar las capacidades físicas, su calidad de vida, se reducen las tasas de finalización del tratamiento, hospitalización y gasto sanitario. Estos efectos beneficiosos deben ser tenidos en cuenta por los profesionales del ámbito médico, fisioterapeutas y profesionales en el deporte en cuanto a su implementación en estos pacientes.
Summary. Breast cancer is one of the most widespread and proliferative cancers worldwide. This has a great impact on healthcare spending. Although it is known that physical exercise improves different aspects related to cancer, it is currently unknown what type of training or intensity is best for this. The prupose of this systematic review was to find out the physiological, cognitive and economic effects of HIIT for this type of patient. The search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE and Scopus, using the descriptors "cancer, high intensity interval training and breast". Of the 78 initially obtained, 32 met all the inclusion criteria. The studies analysed focus mainly on adding a HIIT programme to the treatment of people who suffer, have suffered or are at risk of suffering from cancer, seeing the positive effects on physical, cognitive and financial capacities. This method is safe and feasible, and leads to an increase in the quality of life of these patients. In addition, it can improve physical abilities and quality of life, reduce treatment completion rates, hospitalization and healthcare costs. Its implementation in cancer patients should be taken into account by professionals in the medical field, as well as physiotherapists and sports professionals, given its benefits.
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