Nutritional and physical fitness differences in children and adolescents from diverse socio-economic backgrounds  (Diferencias nutricionales y de condición física en niños y adolescentes de contextos  socioeconómicos diferenciados)

Sonia García-Merino; Rosa-María Rodríguez-Jiménez; Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez; Silvia Burgos-Postigo

doi:10.47197/retos.v44i0.89641

Autores

Sonia García-Merino Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
Rosa-María Rodríguez-Jiménez School of Engineering, Architecture and Design, STEAM, Universidad Europea de Madrid http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-2886
Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid
Silvia Burgos-Postigo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.89641

Palavras-chave:

Atividade física; estilo de vida; Estado nutricional; dieta; crianças; diferenças sociais

Resumo

O estilo de vida afeta a saúde de crianças e adolescentes, principalmente daqueles que vivem em desvantagens socioeconômicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional, o nível de aptidão e a dieta alimentar de crianças e adolescentes de diferentes ambientes socioeconômicos. Para avaliar o estado nutricional e os hábitos nutricionais, foram escolhidos o índice de massa corporal Z-score, o índice cintura-estatura e o índice de qualidade da dieta mediterrânea. Para medir a aptidão física, foi utilizada a bateria Eurofit. Os participantes foram 290 crianças e adolescentes saudáveis de dois grupos. O grupo 1 (78) fazia parte de um projeto de integração social pelo esporte; o grupo 2 (212) pertencia a uma escola privada de alto nível socioeconômico. Diferenças entre os grupos foram encontradas no estado nutricional e nos testes de aptidão física. Não houve diferenças na pontuação total do Kid Med Test (p = 0,42), mas os dados sugeriram uma melhor qualidade do consumo alimentar no grupo 2. Mesmo que ambos os grupos exibissem valores saudáveis, os resultados foram ligeiramente mais favoráveis para a velocidade de movimento e flexibilidade (p <0,05), e para hábitos alimentares (melhor ingestão de azeite, menor consumo de doces, p <0,05) no grupo 2. O estudo, mesmo com limitações, mostra que ainda há espaço para igualdade de oportunidades na promoção da qualidade de vida dos jovens.

Biografia Autor

Rosa-María Rodríguez-Jiménez , School of Engineering, Architecture and Design, STEAM, Universidad Europea de Madrid

Rosa-María Rodríguez-Jiménez is a full professor (25 years of experience) and research senior at the School of Architecture, Engineering and Design at the Universidad Europea. She holds a MSc degree in Physics (1991) and a PhD on Physics of the Atmosphere (1997, UCM). She also holds a MSc degree in Psychology (2016, UEM) and in Education for Special Needs (2005, UPS). Additionally, she holds a Master in Dance Movement Therapy, DMT (2007, UAB). She has participated in research projects focused on educational innovation, experiential learning and development and evaluation of soft skills in high school and university students. Her current research interest is on embodiment and non-verbal processes applied to well-being and personal growth. She has also clinical experience with children, development disorders and eating disorders. She is Spanish Delegate for the European Association of DMT and reviewer of the journals Body, Dance and Movement in Psychotherapy and Journal of Technology and Science Education.

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