Lesiones deportivas en deportistas universitarios chilenos (Sports injuries in Chilean university athletes)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.74745Palavras-chave:
Epidemiología, Deportes, Lesión, Deportistas, Vigilancia de Lesiones (Epidemiology, Sports, Injury, Athletes, Vigilancia de Injury Surveillance)Resumo
La epidemiología de las lesiones deportivas es el estudio de las variables que intervienen en la aparición de lesiones en la población y de su distribución. Este tiene como propósito último aportar información para establecer medidas de prevención justificadas. En Chile, la práctica deportiva ha aumentado en los últimos años. A pesar de esto, no existen antecedentes de estudios que analicen las lesiones deportivas. Este artículo pretende identificar la distribución de las lesiones en diferentes disciplinas deportivas de jóvenes universitarios chilenos. Se realizó un seguimiento a 84 deportistas de ambos géneros pertenecientes a selecciones universitarias de fútbol, básquetbol y vóleibol durante un periodo de 6 meses, registrando todas las lesiones ocurridas. En nuestro ambiente, la mayoría de las lesiones ocurren más frecuentemente en hombres. Son más frecuentes en la práctica del básquetbol (40,7%), seguido del fútbol (35,2%) y vóleibol (24,1%). Afectan principalmente a las extremidades inferiores, especialmente a la articulación del tobillo, seguida por la rodilla y muñeca-mano. El tipo de lesión más común en esta investigación fue el esguince cápsulo-ligamentoso (40,7%), seguida por las lesiones musculares (16,7%). La cantidad de lesiones por sobreuso y de origen traumático fueron similares, siendo estas últimas asociadas principalmente a un mecanismo de contacto directo (76,9%). Para esta población resultó más común lesionarse durante los entrenamientos que en los partidos.
Abstract. The epidemiology of sports injuries is the study of the variables that participate in the occurrence of injuries in a population, and their distribution. Its ultimate purpose is to provide information to establish justified prevention measures. In Chile, sports practice has increased in recent years. Despite this, there is no antecedent of studies that analyze sports injuries in Chile. This article aims to identify the distribution of injuries of young Chilean university students in different sports disciplines. A total of 84 athletes of both genders, belonging to university football, basketball, and volleyball teams were followed up for a period of 6 months, recording all the injuries that occurred. In our area, most injuries occur more frequently in men. They are more frequent in the practice of basketball (40,7%), followed by soccer (35,2%) and volleyball (24,1%). They mainly affect the lower extremities, especially the ankle joint, followed by knee and wrist-hand. Capsule-ligament injuries (40,7%) and muscle injuries (16,7%) are the most common. The amount of injuries due to overuse and traumatic origin were similar, the latter being related mainly to a direct contact mechanism (76.9%). For this population it was more common to be injured during training than in matches.
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