Análisis del patrón de carrera sobre superficie artificial y natural en futbolistas adolescentes (Analysis of the running pattern on artificial and natural surface in adolescent football players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.72337Palavras-chave:
Fútbol, carrera, locomoción, aceleración, cinética (Soccer, running, locomotion, acceleration, kinetics)Resumo
Introducción: Existe poca evidencia que detalle el comportamiento de cada variable espacio-temporal del patrón de carrera utilizando diferentes superficies. Objetivo: Comparar las variables espaciotemporales del patrón de carrera de futbolistas adolescentes en superficie natural y artificial. Método: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal con 18 jugadores de fútbol masculino (edad mediana= 12 años; Rango intercuartílico [RIC] 12-13). Mediante un sistema de medición óptico de 5 metros de longitud se analizó velocidad, aceleración, tiempo de contacto (Tc), tiempo de vuelo (Tv), fase de contacto, fase de apoyo, propulsión, zancada y cadencia. Las valoraciones fueron inicialmente desarrolladas en Superficie Artificial (SA) y 24 horas después en Superficie Natural (SN). Se utilizaron las pruebas Rangos con signos de Wilcoxon para datos pareados y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: La SA mostró una fase de apoyo fue superior a la SN (SN: Me=0,05 RIC:0,03; 0,06; SA: Me=0,09 RIC 0,08;0,10; p <0,001). El Tv (SN: Me=0,16 RIC:0,14;0,19; SA: Me=0,04 RIC: 0,04;0,05; p<0,001), la fase de contacto (SN: Me=0,02 RIC:0,02;0,03; SA: Me=0,02 RIC: 0,01;0,02; p=0,040) y la propulsión (SN: Me=0,14 RIC:0,09;0,17; SA: Me=0,07 RIC:0,06;0,09; p=<0,001) fueron mayores en SN que en SA. Se encontró una relación indirecta entre velocidad y fase de contacto en SN. El Tv y la zancada se asociaron indirectamente con la aceleración en SA. Conclusión: el patrón de carrera varía según la superficie utilizada. La fase de contacto puede explicar la velocidad en la SN; mientras que el Tv y la zancada pueden explicar la aceleración en la SA.
Abstract. Introduction: There is little evidence that details the behavior of each spatial-temporal variable of the running pattern using different surfaces. Objective: To compare the spatial-temporal variables of the running pattern over two surfaces in adolescent soccer players. Method: A cross-sectional study involving 18 male soccer players was conducted (median [Me] age = 12 years; Interquartile range [IQR] 12-13). Speed, acceleration, contact time (Ct), flight time (Ft), contact phase, support phase, propulsion, stride, and cadence were evaluated through a 5-meter long optical measurement system. The assessments were initially carried out on Artificial Surface (AS) and, 24 hours later, on Natural Surface (NS). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired data and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used. Results: The support phase was greater in AS than NS (NS: Me = 0.05 IQR: 0.03; 0.06; AS: Me = 0.09 IQR 0.08; 0.10; p <0.001). The Ft (NS: Me = 0.16 IQR: 0.14; 0.19; AS: Me = 0.04 IQR: 0.04; 0.05; p <0.001), the contact phase (NS: Me = 0.02 IQR: 0.02; 0.03; AS: Me = 0.02 IQR: 0.01; 0.02; p = 0.040) and propulsion (NS: Me = 0.14 IQR: 0.09; 0.17; AS: Me = 0.07 IQR: 0.06; 0.09; p = <0.001) were greater in NS than AS. An indirect relationship between speed and contact phase in NS was found. The Ft and the stride were indirectly associated with acceleration in AS. Conclusion: The running pattern varies according to the surface used. The contact phase can explain the speed in the NS; while the Ft and the stride can explain the acceleration in AS.
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