Extensibilidad isquiosural en jugadoras de élite de fútbol (Hamstring extensibility in female elite soccer players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i33.53485Palavras-chave:
flexibilidad, fútbol femenino, flexión profunda, sit and reach test (flexibility, female soccer, deep trunk, sit and reach test)Resumo
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la extensibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural en futbolistas femeninas de élite. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra de 75 jugadoras de élite de fútbol de cuatro categorías: Sub12 (n=20, edad: 11,42 ± 0,90 años), Sub15 (n=21, edad: 13,38 ± 1,50 años), Provincial (amateur) (n=15, edad: 17,13 ± 1,85 años), y Nacional (profesional) (n=20, edad: 22,80 ± 5,25 años). Como instrumentos de medición se utilizaron el test sit and reach (SRT) y el test de flexión profunda (FP) de tronco. Los valores medios presentados en el SRT fueron de 9,74 ± 5,62 cm. para el grupo Sub12, 13,86 ± 4,82 cm. para el grupo Sub15, 9,73 ± 3,58 cm para el grupo Provincial (amateur) y 7,55 ± 8,39 cm para el grupo Nacional (profesional). En el SRT las participantes del grupo Sub15 obtuvieron resultados significativamente superiores que las participantes del grupo Nacional (p<.05), mientras que en la prueba FP el grupo Sub12 obtuvo resultados significativamente superiores que el grupo Nacional (p<.05). En el análisis de correlaciones bivariadas, se observaron correlaciones moderadas entre la altura y los resultados en las pruebas de FP (r=.561; p<.05) y SRT (r=.491; p<.05) en el grupo Sub12. En conclusión, los resultados de este estudio indican que la extensibilidad isquiosural de las jugadoras de élite de fútbol estudiadas es limitada, por lo que deberíamos implementar programas específicos de estiramientos de la musculatura isquiosural en futbolistas féminas desde las categorías inferiores hasta las categorías profesionales.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate hamstring extensibility in female elite soccer players. A descriptive transversal study was carried out with a sample of 75 female elite soccer players into four categories: Under12 (n=20, age: 11,42 ± 0,90 years), Under15 (n=21, age: 13,38 ± 1,50 years), Provincial (amateur) (n=15, age: 17,13 ± 1,85 years), and National (professional) (n=20, age: 22,80 ± 5,25 years). The sit and reach test (SRT) and the deep trunk flexion test were used as measurement tools. The average values showed in the SRT were 9,74 ± 5,62 cm. for the Under12 group, 13,86 ± 4,82 cm. for the Under15 group, 9,73 ± 3,58 cm for the Provincial (amateur) group and 7,55 ± 8,39 cm for the National (professional) group. In the SRT the members of Under15 group showed significantly higher results than the members of National group (p<.05), while in the deep trunk flexion test the Under12 group showed significantly higher results than the National group (p<.05). In the analysis of bivariate correlations, in the Under12 group moderate correlations were observed between height and scores in the deep trunk test (r = .561; p <.05) and SRT (r = .491; p <.05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the hamstring extensibility in female elite soccer players studied is limited, so we should implement stretching specific programs of the hamstring muscles in female soccer players from the lower categories to the professional categories.
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