Asociación entre la actividad física medida objetivamente y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en adultos sanos de atención primaria de salud.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.109724Palavras-chave:
función autonómica, variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, estilo de vida, atención primaria de salud, autonomic function, cardiovascular risk factors, hear rate variability, lifestyle, physical activity, primary health careResumo
Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la actividad física (AF) diaria y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en adultos sin enfermedad cardiovascular establecida, inscritos en una unidad de atención primaria de salud.
Métodos: Este estudio transversal incluyó a 197 individuos aparentemente sanos (edad media 47 ± 13 años; 58% mujeres), inscritos en una unidad de atención primaria de salud. Los índices de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (dominio del tiempo, dominio de la frecuencia e índices no lineales) se derivaron de registros de intervalos RR en reposo de 5 minutos mientras los sujetos respiraban a 12 respiraciones por minuto. La AF diaria se evaluó durante 7 días consecutivos utilizando acelerómetros. Los datos se categorizaron en tiempo sedentario, AF ligera y AF moderada a vigorosa. Se utilizaron análisis de correlación y regresión lineal multivariante para examinar las asociaciones entre la AF diaria y los índices de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca.
Resultados: El tiempo sedentario y la AF ligera no se asociaron con ningún índice de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca. Después de ajustar por edad, sexo y frecuencia cardíaca en reposo, la AF moderada a vigorosa se correlacionó significativamente con la razón entre la potencia de baja frecuencia y la potencia de alta frecuencia (LF/HF) (r2 = -0.18, p = 0.01). La AF moderada a vigorosa (β = -0.14, p = 0.03), junto con el sexo (β = 0.32, p = 0.001), la circunferencia de la cintura (β = 0.14, p = 0.04) y la edad (β = 0.05, p = 0.45), fueron predictores independientes de la razón LF/HF, explicando el 2.3% de su varianza.
Conclusión: El efecto cardioprotector de la AF moderada a vigorosa en los índices de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca no se demostró claramente, aunque hubo una asociación inversa con la razón LF/HF. En contraste, el tiempo sedentario y la actividad física ligera no se asociaron con la función autonómica cardíaca.
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