Avaliação e análise dos valores de força pré e pós-sessão numa equipa da MLS durante a época e após o período de transição
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.107999Palavras-chave:
Assessment; Strength; NordBord; ForceFrame; ForceDecks; Prevention; SoccerResumo
Enquadramento: Nas últimas décadas, a ciência do desporto avançou muito, mas as lesões no futebol também aumentaram, possivelmente devido a maiores exigências competitivas. As causas das lesões são multifatoriais: fatores extrínsecos e intrínsecos. É crucial focar-se em fatores modificáveis, como a carga de treino, as capacidades físicas, a flexibilidade e a força. É também fundamental realizar avaliações específicas de acordo com as necessidades físicas e os grupos musculares mais afetados em cada desporto. Por isso o objetivo deste trabalho foi (1) Determinar os valores de força e potência numa equipa de futebol profissional da Major League Soccer (MLS) durante uma época, (2) Analisar os resultados das avaliações realizadas no Pré e pós-sessão; (3) Determinar o efeito do período de transição na força e no poder. Metodologia: O estudo foi composto por 22 jogadores de futebol profissional com 26,3 ± 3,9 anos de um clube da Major League Soccer (MLS), excluindo os guarda-redes. Foram realizadas 6 avaliações, 3 pré-sessão e 3 pós-sessão de campo; avaliando a força excêntrica dos isquiotibiais na rosca nórdica utilizando o NordBord, a força isométrica máxima na adução e abdução da anca utilizando o ForceFrame e a potência da parte inferior do corpo com o salto vertical com contramovimento (CMJ) nas plataformas de força ForceDecks. Resultados: Os valores de força e potência estabelecidos com as avaliações pré-sessão mostram uma altura do CMJ de 43,96±3,92cm, na rosca nórdica 382,46±67,79N (I) e 370,66±65,84N ( D), na adução da anca 414,79± 73,86N (I) e 424,02±71,88N (R), e na abdução da anca 411,93±60,19N (I) e 420,77±60 ,54N (R). A comparação entre as avaliações Pré e Pós mostrou valores estatisticamente mais baixos (p < 0,05) na rosca nórdica, adução e abdução da anca, enquanto que no CMJ não se verificaram alterações significativas (p = 0,056). Pelo contrário, após o período de transição apenas o CMJ apresentou valores inferiores (p< 0,05) em comparação com a rosca nórdica, e adução e abdução da anca (p˃0,05). Conclusões: Os dados estudados apresentam valores de força pós sessão mais baixos, exceto na potência expressa à altura do CMJ. Após o período de transição, a força dos isquiotibiais e da anca (ABD-ADD) não apresenta alterações significativas, mas a altura do CMJ apresenta. Sugere-se a realização de avaliações pré-sessão e treino de força para obter perfis basais precisos e maximizar as adaptações do treino de força e potência, evitando enviesamentos gerados pela fadiga. Recomenda-se também a implementação de programas de treino durante o período de transição para contrariar os efeitos do destreino.
Palavras-chave: Avaliação; Vigor; NordBord; ForçaFrame; ForceDecks; Prevenção; Futebol
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