A influência das características fisiológicas e funcionais do corpo de meninas de 17 a 18 anos na prática esportiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.105688Palavras-chave:
sexual dimorphism, hormonal changes, women’s sports, physical culture, sports performanceResumo
Alcançar resultados competitivos no esporte feminino para atletas de 17 a 18 anos exige a estruturação de processos de treinamento em torno de suas características fisiológicas. Este artigo analisa dados científicos recentes sobre o impacto do dimorfismo sexual em raparigas dos 17 aos 18 anos na participação e treino desportivo. Foram compilados e analisados trabalhos científicos relevantes dos últimos cinco anos. Nessa idade, as meninas passam pela fase final de maturação sexual. A eficácia das atividades esportivas varia individualmente, influenciada pelo ciclo menstrual-ovário, antecedentes hormonais e sintomas em cada fase do ciclo. A atividade física diminui durante as fases menstrual, ovulatória e pré-menstrual, enquanto as fases pós-menstrual e pós-ovulatória são mais favoráveis à prática desportiva. Os indicadores de desempenho dependem do dimorfismo sexual: as atletas femininas apresentam características únicas na atividade do sistema nervoso central, elevada excitabilidade psicoemocional e desenvolvimento mais precoce de qualidades somáticas e físicas em comparação aos homens. A estrutura esquelética em atletas femininas de 17 a 18 anos é menor e mais curta, com pélvis mais larga e cintura escapular mais desenvolvida. Estas conclusões podem ser utilizadas por escolas desportivas, especialistas em reabilitação, treinadores e médicos desportivos para adaptar e estruturar processos de treino, tendo em conta as características fisiológicas das atletas femininas com idades entre os 17 e os 18 anos, com o objetivo de alcançar elevados resultados competitivos.
Palavras-chave: Dimorfismo Sexual, Alterações Hormonais, Esportes Femininos, Cultura Física, Desempenho Esportivo.
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