O que sabemos sobre os efeitos do exercício físico na demência, excluindo a doença de Alzheimer? a revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos internacionais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100309Palavras-chave:
Dementia, Amentia, Exercise, Elderly, Systematic ReviewResumo
A demência é caracterizada por uma deterioração progressiva das funções cognitivas e físicas além do esperado no envelhecimento normal, o que afeta a qualidade de vida tanto das pessoas afetadas como das pessoas que as rodeiam. Com exceção da doença de Alzheimer, poucos estudos resumiram os resultados do exercício na demência. Portanto, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar os efeitos do exercício físico (EF) em idosos com demência, excluindo Alzheimer. Esta revisão sistemática da literatura seguiu as recomendações PRISMA e foi realizada em setembro de 2022 nas bases de dados: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed e EBSCO. A busca foi realizada sem restrições quanto à data de publicação. Foram incluídos estudos experimentais que analisaram pessoas com demência submetidas a EP. No total, 17 estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, dos quais oito eram do continente asiático. Estudos mostraram que a educação física, especialmente o exercício aeróbico, beneficia os aspectos físicos e cognitivos de idosos com demência. Entretanto, melhores resultados foram obtidos quando a EF foi combinada com terapias cognitivas. A maioria dos estudos avaliou idosos em diferentes estágios da doença. O exercício aeróbico esteve presente em 70,58% dos estudos. Os períodos de intervenção variaram de quatro a 65 semanas, com exercícios combinados três vezes por semana em cinco estudos, e as intensidades variaram de acordo com o tipo de EF. Os benefícios mostraram melhorias no desempenho das atividades diárias e nas funções cognitivas. Porém, alguns estudos apresentaram baixa qualidade metodológica, o que pode interferir nos resultados. São necessárias pesquisas adicionais sobre FE e demência em idosos.
Palavras-chave: Demência, Exercício, Idosos, Cognição, Revisão sistemática.
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