Esportes e síndromes arritmogênicas hereditárias

Autores

  • Georgia Sarquella-Brugada Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
  • Estefanía Martínez-Barrios Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
  • Sergio Cesar Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
  • Elena Arbelo Arrhythmia Section, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  • Carles Diez Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
  • Oscar Campuzano Larrea Universitat de Girona https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5298-5276

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100148

Palavras-chave:

Genética. Deporte. Muerte súbita cardíaca. Síndromes arrítmicos hereditarios

Resumo

As síndromes arritmogênicas hereditárias são um grupo de patologias cardíacas associadas a arritmias malignas e a um risco aumentado de morte cardíaca súbita, às vezes a primeira manifestação da patologia. Essas síndromes tendem a ocorrer principalmente na população com menos de 35 anos, causando frequentemente episódios arritmogênicos durante a prática esportiva. Por este motivo, é fundamental a realização de estudos cardiológicos exaustivos nos atletas, independentemente do desporto praticado, nível de exigência, idade ou sexo, para prevenir estes episódios. As principais entidades incluídas neste grupo são a síndrome do QT longo, a síndrome de Brugada, a síndrome do QT curto e a Taquicardia Ventricular Polimórfica de Catecolaminas. Compreender os mecanismos que predispõem às arritmias cardíacas hereditárias continua a ser um dos desafios a resolver pela investigação biomédica, uma vez que algumas das complicações nas arritmias só ocorrem quando existe uma interação perfeita entre fatores ambientais e genéticos. Os avanços no estudo do genoma humano permitiram identificar uma infinidade de variantes em vários genes associados a este tipo de síndromes cardíacas. Por se tratarem de síndromes hereditárias, outros membros da família podem ser portadores do mesmo defeito genético, pelo que a realização de um estudo fenótipo-genótipo nestas famílias permite-nos identificar outros membros em risco de sofrer episódios arritmogénicos letais.

Palavras-chave: Genética. Esporte. Morte cardíaca súbita. Síndromes arrítmicas hereditárias.

Referências

Ackerman, M. J., Zipes, D. P., Kovacs, R. J., & Maron, B. J. (2015). Eligibility and Disqualification Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Task Force 10: The Cardiac Channelopathies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol, 66(21), 2424-2428. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.042

Bhaskaran, A., De Silva, K., & Kumar, S. (2022). Contemporary updates on ventricular arrhythmias: from mechanisms to management. Intern Med J. doi:10.1111/imj.15976

Campuzano, O., Sanchez-Molero, O., Fernandez, A., Mademont-Soler, I., Coll, M., Perez-Serra, A., et al. (2017). Sudden Arrhythmic Death During Exercise: A Post-Mortem Genetic Analysis. Sports Med. doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0705-3

Castelletti, S., Zorzi, A., Ballardini, E., Basso, C., Biffi, A., Brancati, F., et al. (2022). Molecular genetic testing in athletes: Why and when a position statement from the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology. Int J Cardiol, 364, 169-177. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.05.071

Cheung, C. C., Laksman, Z. W., Mellor, G., Sanatani, S., & Krahn, A. D. (2016). Exercise and Inherited Arrhythmias. Can J Cardiol, 32(4), 452-458. doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.01.007

Coll, M., Perez-Serra, A., Mates, J., Del Olmo, B., Puigmule, M., Fernandez-Falgueras, A., et al. (2017). Incomplete Penetrance and Variable Expressivity: Hallmarks in Channelopathies Associated with Sudden Cardiac Death. Biology (Basel), 7(1). doi:10.3390/biology7010003

Davydoff, C., Andorin, A., Minois, D., Arnaud, M., Minier, M., Sacher, F., et al. (2022). Does sports participation increase risk in patients with long QT syndrome? Results from a large French cohort. Europace, 24(10), 1675-1683. doi:10.1093/europace/euac047

Hammond-Haley, M., Patel, R. S., Providencia, R., & Lambiase, P. D. (2016). Exercise restrictions for patients with inherited cardiac conditions: Current guidelines, challenges and limitations. Int J Cardiol, 209, 234-241. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.023

Harmon, K. G., Asif, I. M., Maleszewski, J. J., Owens, D. S., Prutkin, J. M., Salerno, J. C., et al. (2016). Incidence and Etiology of Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Death in High School Athletes in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc, 91(11), 1493-1502. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.07.021

Heidbuchel, H., Adami, P. E., Antz, M., Braunschweig, F., Delise, P., Scherr, D., et al. (2021). Recommendations for participation in leisure-time physical activity and competitive sports in patients with arrhythmias and potentially arrhythmogenic conditions: Part 1: Supraventricular arrhythmias. A position statement of the Section of Sports Cardiology and Exercise from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), both associations of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 28(14), 1539-1551. doi:10.1177/2047487320925635

Heidbuchel, H., Panhuyzen-Goedkoop, N., Corrado, D., Hoffmann, E., Biffi, A., Delise, P., et al. (2006). Recommendations for participation in leisure-time physical activity and competitive sports in patients with arrhythmias and potentially arrhythmogenic conditions Part I: Supraventricular arrhythmias and pacemakers. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 13(4), 475-484.

Hu, T., Chitnis, N., Monos, D., & Dinh, A. (2021). Next-generation sequencing technologies: An overview. Hum Immunol, 82(11), 801-811. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2021.02.012

Limongelli, G., Nunziato, M., D'Argenio, V., Esposito, M. V., Monda, E., Mazzaccara, C., et al. (2021). Yield and clinical significance of genetic screening in elite and amateur athletes. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 28(10), 1081-1090. doi:10.1177/2047487320934265

López García, S., Diez Fernández, P., Amatria Jiménez, M., Maneiro Dios, R., Abelairas Gómez, C., & Moral García, J. E. (2020). Drowning as the main cause of death in the first stages of life, teachers as active participators in education and its prevention. Retos, 38, 811-817. doi:10.47197/retos.v38i38.72134

Maron, B. J., Chaitman, B. R., Ackerman, M. J., Bayes de Luna, A., Corrado, D., Crosson, J. E., et al. (2004). Recommendations for physical activity and recreational sports participation for young patients with genetic cardiovascular diseases. Circulation, 109(22), 2807-2816. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000128363.85581.E1

Martinez-Barrios, E., Sarquella-Brugada, G., Perez-Serra, A., Fernandez-Falgueras, A., Cesar, S., Alcalde, M., et al. (2023). Reevaluation of ambiguous genetic variants in sudden unexplained deaths of a young cohort. Int J Legal Med, 137(2), 345-351. doi:10.1007/s00414-023-02951-0

Mitten, M. J., Maron, B. J., & Zipes, D. P. (2005). Task Force 12: legal aspects of the 36th Bethesda Conference recommendations. J Am Coll Cardiol, 45(8), 1373-1375. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.019

Pelliccia, A., Fagard, R., Bjornstad, H. H., Anastassakis, A., Arbustini, E., Assanelli, D., et al. (2005). Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease: a consensus document from the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J, 26(14), 1422-1445. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi325

Pelliccia, A., Sharma, S., Gati, S., Back, M., Borjesson, M., Caselli, S., et al. (2021). 2020 ESC Guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J, 42(1), 17-96. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa605

Pelliccia, A., Solberg, E. E., Papadakis, M., Adami, P. E., Biffi, A., Caselli, S., et al. (2019). Recommendations for participation in competitive and leisure time sport in athletes with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and pericarditis: position statement of the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Eur Heart J, 40(1), 19-33. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy730

Priori, S. G., & Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C. (2015). 2015 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death summarized by co-chairs. Eur Heart J, 36(41), 2757-2759. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv445

Priori, S. G., Wilde, A. A., Horie, M., Cho, Y., Behr, E. R., Berul, C., et al. (2013). HRS/EHRA/APHRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes: document endorsed by HRS, EHRA, and APHRS in May 2013 and by ACCF, AHA, PACES, and AEPC in June 2013. Heart Rhythm, 10(12), 1932-1963. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.05.014

Solberg, E. E., Borjesson, M., Sharma, S., Papadakis, M., Wilhelm, M., Drezner, J. A., et al. (2016). Sudden cardiac arrest in sports - need for uniform registration: A Position Paper from the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 23(6), 657-667. doi:10.1177/2047487315599891

Stroker, E., de Asmundis, C., Chierchia, G. B., & Brugada, P. (2016). Exercise-related Brugada pattern and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in a patient with Brugada syndrome: interplay between body temperature, haemodynamics and vagal activity. Eur Heart J, 37(7), 655. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv263

Suarez-Mier, M. P., Aguilera, B., Mosquera, R. M., & Sanchez-de-Leon, M. S. (2013). Pathology of sudden death during recreational sports in Spain. Forensic Sci Int, 226(1-3), 188-196. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.01.016

Takken, T., Giardini, A., Reybrouck, T., Gewillig, M., Hovels-Gurich, H. H., Longmuir, P. E., et al. (2012). Recommendations for physical activity, recreation sport, and exercise training in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease: a report from the Exercise, Basic & Translational Research Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the European Congenital Heart and Lung Exercise Group, and the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 19(5), 1034-1065. doi:10.1177/1741826711420000

Tester, D. J., & Ackerman, M. J. (2009). Cardiomyopathic and channelopathic causes of sudden unexplained death in infants and children. Annu Rev Med, 60, 69-84. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.60.052907.103838

Tobert, K. E., Bos, J. M., Garmany, R., & Ackerman, M. J. (2021). Return-to-Play for Athletes With Long QT Syndrome or Genetic Heart Diseases Predisposing to Sudden Death. J Am Coll Cardiol, 78(6), 594-604. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.026

Toresdahl, B. G., Rao, A. L., Harmon, K. G., & Drezner, J. A. (2014). Incidence of sudden cardiac arrest in high school student athletes on school campus. Heart Rhythm, 11(7), 1190-1194. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.04.017

Visseren, F. L. J., Mach, F., Smulders, Y. M., Carballo, D., Koskinas, K. C., Back, M., et al. (2022). 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur J Prev Cardiol, 29(1), 5-115. doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwab154

Wilde, A. A. M., Semsarian, C., Marquez, M. F., Sepehri Shamloo, A., Ackerman, M. J., Ashley, E. A., et al. (2022). European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) Expert Consensus Statement on the State of Genetic Testing for Cardiac Diseases. Heart Rhythm. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.03.1225

Zeppenfeld, K., Tfelt-Hansen, J., de Riva, M., Winkel, B. G., Behr, E. R., Blom, N. A., et al. (2022). 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J, 43(40), 3997-4126. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac262

Zipes, D. P., Ackerman, M. J., Estes, N. A., 3rd, Grant, A. O., Myerburg, R. J., & Van Hare, G. (2005). Task Force 7: arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol, 45(8), 1354-1363. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.014

Zipes, D. P., Camm, A. J., Borggrefe, M., Buxton, A. E., Chaitman, B., Fromer, M., et al. (2006). ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (writing committee to develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation, 114(10), e385-484. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.178233

Zipes, D. P., & Garson, A., Jr. (1994). 26th Bethesda conference: recommendations for determining eligibility for competition in athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. Task Force 6: arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol, 24(4), 892-899. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(94)90847-8

Publicado

2024-01-01

Como Citar

Sarquella-Brugada, G., Martínez-Barrios, E., Cesar, S., Arbelo, E., Diez, C., & Campuzano Larrea, O. (2024). Esportes e síndromes arritmogênicas hereditárias. Retos, 51, 719–725. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100148

Edição

Secção

Revisões teóricas, sistemáticas e/ou metanálises