Perfil motivacional para la práctica de ejercicios físicos: una cohorte retrospectiva (Motivational profile for physical exercise: a retrospective cohort)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99435

Palabras clave:

physical exercise, motivation, health promotion, Heath, physical fitness

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el tipo de motivación, desde el punto de vista de la autodeterminación, en individuos que buscaron practicar actividad física en un determinado período de su vida y su relación con características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, con un intervalo de 12 años. La encuesta se realizó en 2019 en dos momentos. Inicialmente, se recopilaron datos secundarios de 40 personas inscritas en un gimnasio entre 2007 y 2009, luego se recopilaron datos primarios de estos mismos individuos. Se investigaron variables del perfil sociodemográfico, clínico y motivacional de los participantes. De los 40 individuos que participaron en el segundo momento, el 35% no continuó practicando actividad física en los últimos 12 meses (Gno), mientras que el 65% (Gyes) continuó. Los resultados apreciaron que Gyes, en comparación con Gno, están más motivados autónomamente (p < 0,01). La puntuación media de regulación externa, sin embargo, difiere entre grupos, siendo mayor para el grupo Gno (p < 0,01, para obesos (p < 0,01); en relación a la presencia de diabetes (p<0,01) y en relación a la pres. -encia de las tres enfermedades (hipertensión arterial, diabetes y dislipidemia) en conjunto (p=0,01), por lo que se concluye que los individuos físicamente activos por períodos prolongados son más autodeterminados para la práctica de ejercicios físicos.

Palabras clave: ejercicio físico, motivación, promoción de la salud, salud.

Abstract. The objective of the study was to analyze the type of motivation, from the point of view of self-determination, in individuals who sought to practice physical activity in a certain period of their lives and its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. This is a retrospective cohort study, with an interval of 12 years. The survey was carried out in 2019 in two moments. Initially, secondary data were collected from 40 individuals enrolled in a gym between 2007 and 2009, then these same individuals were collected primary data. Sociodemographic, clinical and motivational profile variables of the participants were investigated. Of the 40 individuals who participated in the second moment, 35% did not continue to practice physical activity in the last 12 months (Gno), while 65% (Gyes) continued. The results appreciated that Gyes, when compared to Gno, are more autonomously motivated (p < 0.01). The mean external regulation score, however, differs between groups, being higher for the Gno group (p < 0.01, for obese individuals (p < 0.01); in relation to the presence of diabetes (p<0.01) and in relation to the presence of the three diseases (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia) together (p=0.01). Thus, it is concluded that physically active individuals for prolonged periods are more self-determined for the practice of physical exercises.

Keywords: physical exercise, motivation, health promotion, health.

Citas

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Publicado

2023-09-15

Cómo citar

de Moraes Ovando, R. G. ., Morais dos Santos, L. L., & Marques Gomes Bertolini, S. M. (2023). Perfil motivacional para la práctica de ejercicios físicos: una cohorte retrospectiva (Motivational profile for physical exercise: a retrospective cohort). Retos, 50, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99435

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas