Beneficios del ejercicio de fuerza y resistencia en el paciente con cáncer: una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos (Benefits of strength and resistance exercise in cancer patients: a systematic review of clinical trials)

Autores/as

  • Sofiya Anishchenko-Halkina Departamento de Enfermería. Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad de Murcia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4336-3422
  • Noor Jahan Chaowdhary Beauty Departamento de Enfermería. Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad de Murcia
  • María Teresa Gil-Gallego Departamento de Enfermería. Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad de Murcia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-9163
  • Marina Lorenzo-Quijada Departamento de Enfermería. Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad de Murcia
  • Guillermo Doménech-Asensi Departamento de Enfermería. Facultad de Enfermería. Universidad de Murcia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4257-753X
  • Teresa Sánchez-Moya Departamento de Tecnología de los alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología. Facultad de Ciencias Socio Sanitarias. Universidad de Murcia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-945X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.107988

Palabras clave:

cáncer, entrenamiento de fuerza, entrenamiento de resistencia, calidad de vida, neoplasias, ejercicio

Resumen

Objetivos: Esta revisión tiene como objetivo proporcionar un examen exhaustivo del impacto del entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia en pacientes con cáncer, abordando específicamente la calidad de vida, la fatiga relacionada con el cáncer y la función física y psicológica. Además, busca evaluar la rigurosidad metodológica de los estudios existentes e identificar áreas para futuras investigaciones. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática, bajos los criterios PRISMA 2020, de ensayos clínicos en las bases de datos de PubMed, LILACS y la Biblioteca Cochrane para identificar artículos relevantes publicados entre 2019 y 2024. Se llevó a cabo una síntesis y análisis de datos para resumir los hallazgos clave y evaluar la calidad general de la evidencia. Resultados: Los 16 estudios analizados demostraron consistentemente los efectos positivos del entrenamiento de resistencia en la mejora de la calidad de vida y la mitigación de la fatiga relacionada con el cáncer en diferentes situaciones. Sin embargo, se observaron variabilidades metodológicas y limitaciones, como tamaños de muestra pequeños y heterogeneidad en las intervenciones, lo que resalta la necesidad de protocolos estandarizados y ensayos a mayor escala. Conclusiones: Esta revisión subraya el potencial del entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia como una terapia adyuvante valiosa para pacientes con cáncer, enfatizando su papel en la mejora tanto física como psicológica. Sin embargo, los desafíos metodológicos identificados requieren consideración cuidadosa en futuras investigaciones para optimizar los beneficios de las intervenciones de ejercicio en entornos oncológicos.

Palabras clave: cáncer, entrenamiento de fuerza, entrenamiento de resistencia, calidad de vida, neoplasias, ejercicio.

Abstract. Objectives: This review aims to provide a thorough examination of the impact of strength and resistance training on cancer patients, specifically addressing quality of life, cancer- related fatigue, and physical and psychological function. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the methodological rigor of existing studies and identify areas for future research. Methods: A systematic review of clinical trials, according to PRISMA 2020 criteria, of PubMed, LILACS, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify relevant articles published between 2019 and 2024. Studies assessing the effects of resistance training on cancer patients' outcomes and available in English or Spanish were included. Data synthesis and analysis were performed to summarize key findings and assess the overall quality of evidence. Results: The findings consistently demonstrated the positive effects of resistance training on enhancing quality of life and mitigating cancer-related fatigue across different situations. However, methodological variability and limitations, such as small sample sizes and intervention heterogeneity, were noted, highlighting the need for standardized protocols and larger-scale trials. Conclusion: This review underscores the potential of strength and resistance training as a valuable adjunctive therapy for cancer patients, emphasiz-ing its role in improving both physical and psychological.

Keywords: cancer, strength training, resistance training, quality of life, neoplasms, exercise.

Citas

Ammitzbøll, G., Kristina Kjær, T., Johansen, C., Lanng, C., Wreford Andersen, E., Kroman, N., Zerahn, B., Hylde-gaard, O., Envold Bidstrup, P., & Oksbjerg Dalton, S. (2019). Effect of progressive resistance training on health-related quality of life in the first year after breast cancer surgery–results from a randomized controlled trial. Acta oncológica, 58(5), 665-672.

Ashton, R. E., Aning, J. J., Tew, G. A., Robson, W. A., & Saxton, J. M. (2021). Supported progressive resistance exercise training to counter the adverse side effects of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: A randomised con-trolled trial. Supportive Care in Cancer, 29, 4595-4605.

Aydin, M., Kose, E., Odabas, I., Bingul, B. M., Demirci, D., & Aydin, Z. (2021). The effect of exercise on life quality and depression levels of breast cancer patients. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 22(3), 725.

CDC Español. (2024). Efectos secundarios del tratamiento contra el cáncer. Cancer Survivors. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer-survivors/es/patients/side-effects-of-treatment.html

Cešeiko, R., Eglītis, J., Srebnijs, A., Timofejevs, M., Purmalis, E., Erts, R., Vētra, A., & Tomsone, S. (2019). The impact of maximal strength training on quality of life among women with breast cancer undergoing treatment. Ex-perimental oncology, 41(2), 166-172.

Cheng, D., Wang, X., Hu, J., Dai, L., Lv, Y., Feng, H., Zhang, Y., Guo, Y., & Wang, L. (2021). Effect of tai chi and resistance training on cancer-related fatigue and quality of life in middle-aged and elderly cancer patients. Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 27, 265-272.

Cormie, P., Zopf, E. M., Zhang, X., & Schmitz, K. H. (2017). The Impact of Exercise on Cancer Mortality, Recur-rence, and Treatment-Related Adverse Effects. Epidemiologic Reviews, 39(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx007

Domínguez-Martínez, S., Arietaleanizbeaskoa, M. S., Rey, E. G., Álvarez, A. G., Gallastegui, N. M., Coca, A., & Grandes, G. (2023). Condición física y calidad de vida de personas con patologías crónicas graves: Programa de ejercicio EfiKroniK (Physical fitness and quality of life of patients with severe chronic diseases: EfiKroniK exercise program). Retos, 50, 888-894. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99456

Fonnegra, O. E. H., Landázuri, P., Cardona, D. M. G., Chamorro, N. L., Bonilla, V. C., & Torres, M. Á. C. (2024). Efectos del ejercicio combinado (aeróbico y de fuerza) sobre la composición corporal y la condición física de pa-cientes y sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama. Una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos (Effects of combined exer-cise (aerobic and resistance) on body composition and physical condition in breast cancer patients and survivors. A systematic review of clinical trials). Retos, 56, 1096-1110. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.95088

Gorzelitz, J. S., Stoller, S., Costanzo, E., Gangnon, R., Koltyn, K., Dietz, A. T., Spencer, R. J., Rash, J., & Cadmus-Bertram, L. (2022). Improvements in strength and agility measures of functional fitness following a telehealth-delivered home-based exercise intervention in endometrial cancer survivors. Supportive care in cancer, 30, 447-455.

Hojman, P., Gehl, J., Christensen, J. F., & Pedersen, B. K. (2018). Molecular Mechanisms Linking Exercise to Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Cell Metabolism, 27(1), 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2017.09.015

Hong, Y., Wu, C., & Wu, B. (2020). Effects of resistance exercise on symptoms, physical function, and quality of life in gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 19, 1534735420954912.

INE. (2023). Causas de muerte en España. 2022. Instituto Nacional de Estadística INE. https://www.ine.es/dyngs/ODS/es/objetivo.htm?id=10365

Johnsson, A., Demmelmaier, I., Sjövall, K., Wagner, P., Olsson, H., & Tornberg, Å. B. (2019). A single exercise session improves side-effects of chemotherapy in women with breast cancer: An observational study. BMC cancer, 19, 1-9.

Keogh, J. W. L., & MacLeod, R. D. (2012). Body composition, physical fitness, functional performance, quality of life, and fatigue benefits of exercise for prostate cancer patients: A systematic review. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 43(1), 96-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.03.006

Lam, T., Cheema, B., Hayden, A., Lord, S. R., Gurney, H., Gounden, S., Reddy, N., Shahidipour, H., Read, S., & Stone, G. (2020). Androgen deprivation in prostate cancer: Benefits of home-based resistance training. Sports medi-cine-open, 6, 1-12.

Langlais, C. S., Chen, Y.-H., Van Blarigan, E. L., Chan, J. M., Ryan, C. J., Zhang, L., Borno, H. T., Newton, R. U., Luke, A., & Bang, A. S. (2023). Quality of life for men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer participat-ing in an aerobic and resistance exercise pilot intervention. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 41(3), 146-e1.

Loh, K. P., Kleckner, I. R., Lin, P., Mohile, S. G., Canin, B. E., Flannery, M. A., Fung, C., Dunne, R. F., Bautista, J., & Culakova, E. (2019). Effects of a home‐based exercise program on anxiety and mood disturbances in older adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(5), 1005-1011.

Moraes, R. F., Ferreira-Júnior, J. B., Marques, V. A., Vieira, A., Lira, C. A., Campos, M. H., Freitas-Junior, R., Rahal, R. M., Gentil, P., & Vieira, C. A. (2021). Resistance training, fatigue, quality of life, anxiety in breast cancer survivors. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(5), 1350-1356.

Müller, J., Weiler, M., Schneeweiss, A., Haag, G. M., Steindorf, K., Wick, W., & Wiskemann, J. (2021). Preventive effect of sensorimotor exercise and resistance training on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A ran-domised-controlled trial. British journal of cancer, 125(7), 955-965.

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., & Brennan, S. E. (2021). Declaración PRISMA 2020: Una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Revista española de cardiología, 74(9), 790-799.

Piraux, E., Caty, G., Renard, L., Vancraeynest, D., Tombal, B., Geets, X., & Reychler, G. (2021). Effects of high-intensity interval training compared with resistance training in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 24(1), 156-165.

Piraux, E., Reychler, G., Vancraeynest, D., Geets, X., Léonard, D., & Caty, G. (2022). High-intensity aerobic interval training and resistance training are feasible in rectal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy: A feasibility randomized controlled study. reports of practical Oncology and radiotherapy, 27(2), 198-208.

Puente, J., & de Velasco, G. (2019). ¿Qué es el cáncer y cómo se desarrolla? https://seom.org/informacion-sobre-el-cancer/que-es-el-cancer-y-como-se-desarrolla

REDECAN. (2024). Estimaciones de la Incidencia del Cáncer en España 2024. https://redecan.org/es/noticias/37/redecan-publica-las-estimaciones-de-la-incidencia-del-cancer-en-espana-2024

Schmitz, K. H., Courneya, K. S., Matthews, C., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Galvão, D. A., Pinto, B. M., Irwin, M. L., Wolin, K. Y., Segal, R. J., Lucia, A., Schneider, C. M., Von Gruenigen, V. E., & Schwartz, A. L. (2010). American College of Sports Medicine Roundtable on Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42(7), 1409-1426. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e0c112

Şenışık, S., Yörük, İ., & Bilgi, A. (2022). The effect of resistance exercise on quality of life and fatigue in patients with gynecological cancer. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 57(1), 044-050.

Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica. (2023). Las cifras del cáncer en España 2023. Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM). https://seom.org/prensa/el-cancer-en-cifras

Soriano-Maldonado, A., Díez-Fernández, D. M., Esteban-Simón, A., Rodríguez-Pérez, M. A., Artés-Rodríguez, E., Casimiro-Artés, M. A., Moreno-Martos, H., Toro-de-Federico, A., Hachem-Salas, N., & Bartholdy, C. (2023). Effects of a 12-week supervised resistance training program, combined with home-based physical activity, on phys-ical fitness and quality of life in female breast cancer survivors: The EFICAN randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 17(5), 1371-1385.

Spence, R. R., Heesch, K. C., & Brown, W. J. (2010). Exercise and cancer rehabilitation: A systematic review. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 36(2), 185-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.11.003

Steindorf, K., Clauss, D., Tjaden, C., Hackert, T., Herbolsheimer, F., Bruckner, T., Schneider, L., Ulrich, C. M., & Wiskemann, J. (2019). Quality of life, fatigue, and sleep problems in pancreatic cancer patients: A randomized tri-al on the effects of exercise. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 116(27-28), 471.

Sun, J., Ge, L., Cao, C., Yao, W., & Wang, X. (2023). Effects of resistance exercise in elderly cancer patients. African Health Sciences, 23(2), 298-304.

Yee, J., Davis, G. M., Hackett, D., Beith, J. M., Wilcken, N., Currow, D., Emery, J., Phillips, J., Martin, A., & Hui, R. (2019). Physical activity for symptom management in women with metastatic breast cancer: A randomized fea-sibility trial on physical activity and breast metastases. Journal of pain and symptom management, 58(6), 929-939.

Descargas

Publicado

2024-12-01

Cómo citar

Anishchenko-Halkina, S., Chaowdhary Beauty, N. J., Gil-Gallego, M. T., Lorenzo-Quijada, M., Doménech-Asensi, G., & Sánchez-Moya, T. (2024). Beneficios del ejercicio de fuerza y resistencia en el paciente con cáncer: una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos (Benefits of strength and resistance exercise in cancer patients: a systematic review of clinical trials). Retos, 61, 518–527. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.107988

Número

Sección

Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis