Variables associated with motivation to engage in physical activity in adolescents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.96892Abstract
Physical activity has physical, mental and social benefits. However, many adolescents lead an inactive lifestyle. The aim of this study was to find out the reasons for physical activity among adolescents in the province of Salamanca (Spain) and its relationship with gender, place of origin, level of physical activity and weight status. The sample consisted of 867 adolescents aged 12-16 years (14.04±1.191), 46.1% girls (n=400) and 53.9% (n=467) boys. The motives for physical activity were measured using the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation scale (PALMS-e) (version validated for the Spanish adolescent context), and the level of physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (IPAQ-A). The results showed that the factor that elicited the highest motivation towards physical activity was physical fitness (3.99). The least motivating factor was the factor of others' expectations (2.49). All factors of the PALMS-e correlated positively with each other. Boys showed a higher level of motivation and subjects from urban locations showed more overall motivation. Also, more active schoolchildren showed higher motivation than inactive ones. Being overweight or obese was positively associated with the appearance factor and with the external expectations factor, while it had negative associations with the fun factor. In conclusion, it is considered necessary to know the reasons why adolescents do PA, in order to encourage the practice of PA among this population, through adapted strategies focused on small groups, paying special attention to increasing the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of the subject.
Key Words: PALMS-e; IPAQ-A; Physical activity; Motivation.
References
Almolda, F. J., Sevil, J., Julián, J. A., Abarca, A., Aibar, A., & García, L. (2014). Aplicación de Estrategias Docentes para la Mejora de la Motivación Situacional del Alumnado en Educación Física. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psy-chology, 12(2), 391-418. http://dx.doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.33.13148
Bates, L. C., Zieff, G., Stanfrod, K., Moore, J. B., Kerr, Z. Y., Hanson, E. D., Barone-Gibbs, B., Kline, C. E., & Stoner, L. (2020). COVID-19 Impact on Behaviors across the 24-Hour Day in Children and Adolescents: Physical Activity, Seden-tary Behavior, and Sleep. Children, 7(9), 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7090138
Castañeda, C., Zagalaz, M. L., Arufe, V., & Campos-Mesa, M. del C. (2018). Motivos hacia la práctica de actividad física de los estudiantes universitarios sevillanos. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 13(1), 79-98. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3111/311153534008.pdf
Chillón, P., Ortega, F. B., Ferrando, J. A., & Casajus, J. A. (2011). Physical fitness in rural and urban children and adoles-cents from Spain. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 14(5), 417-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.04.004
Cohen, J. Stadistical power analysis for behavioral sciences (revised ed.). New York: Academic Press.
Fernández, E. J., Sáenz-López, P., Almagro, B. J., & Conde, C. (2015). Motivos de práctica de actividad física en universi-tarios activos. EmásF. Revista Digital de Educación Física, 6(34), 52-60. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5386724
Franco, D., Feu, S., & De la Cruz, E. (2020). Diferencias rural-urbana en los niveles de actividad física durante la transición de la educación primaria a la secundaria. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 94. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7721457
García, F., Herazo, Y., & Tuesca, R. (2015). Factores sociodemográficos y motivacionales asociados a la actividad física en estudiantes universitarios. Revista médica de Chile, 143(11), 1411-1418. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872015001100006
García, E., & Pampín, N. (2022). Relación entre condición y nivel de actividad física en escolares gallegos. Retos, 45, 282-289. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92095
Galindo-Perdomo, F., Valencia-Peris, A., & Devís-Devís, J. (2022). ¿Cuáles son los niveles de actividad física de los adoles-centes colombianos?: Género y edad como factores clave. RICYDE: Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 18, 99-112. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2022.06803
Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., y Bull, F. C. (2020). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adoles-cents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1.6 million participants. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(1), 23-35. https://www.thelancet.com/article/S2352-4642(19)30323-2/fulltext
Hagströmer, M., Bergman, P., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Manios, Y., Rey-López, J. P., Phillipp, K., Von Verlepsch, J., Sjöström, M., & Grupo de estudio HELENA. (2008). Concurrent validity of a modified version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-A) in European adolescents: the HELENA study. International Journal of Obesity, 32(S5), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.18
Hall-López, J. A., y Ochoa-Martínez, P. Y. (2023). Brecha de género en la participación de tareas motrices de educación física. Retos, 48, 298-303. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/96976/71895
Hubbard, K., Economos, C. D., Bakun, P., Boulos, R., Chui, K., Mueller, M. P., Smith, K., & Sacheck, J. (2016). Dispari-ties in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among girls and overweight and obese schoolchildren during school- and out-of-school time. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0358-x
Jiménez, R., Gargallo, E., Arriscado, D., & Dalmau, J. M. (2022). Asociación entre el ambiente de práctica de actividad física y los hábitos de vida e indicadores de salud física y psicosocial. Rev Esp Salud Pública, 96(1), e1-e13. https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL96/ORIGINALES/RS96C_202202017.pdf
Kamal, A. A., & Radzani, M. (2016). Motivation influence towards physical activity level among university staff. Movement, Health & Exercise, 5(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.15282/mohe.v5i1.85
Kolota, A., & Glabska, D. (2023). Analysis of Determinants of Food Preferences in a Polish Population-Based Sample of Primary School Adolescents: Diet and Activity of Youth during COVID-19 (DAY-19) Study. Nutrients, 15(11), 2504. doi.org/10.3390/nu15112504
Macarro, J. M., Martínez, A. C., & Torres, J. (2012). Motivaciones para la práctica físico-deportiva en adolescentes espa-ñoles, al terminar la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 10(1), 371-396. https://ojs.ual.es/ojs/index.php/EJREP/article/view/1505/1811
Martínez, A. C., Chillón, P., Martín-Matillas, M., Pérez, I., Castillo, R., Zapatera, B., & Delgado-Fernández, M. (2012). Motivos de práctica de actividad físico-deportiva en adolescentes españoles: Estudio AVENA. Profesorado, 16(1), 391-398. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/567/56724377023.pdf
Martínez-Baena, A., Mayorga-Vega, D., & Viciana, J. (2018). Factores predictores de la actividad física en escolares espa-ñoles de acuerdo a su estado de peso. Retos, 33, 74-80. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/52807/35611
Mollinedo, F. E., Trejo, P. M., Araujo, R., & Lugo, L. G. (2013). Índice de masa corporal, frecuencia y motivos de estu-diantes universitarios para realizar actividad física. Educación Médica Superior, 27(3), 189-199. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-21412013000300004
Moreno-Murcia, J. A., Borges, F., Marcos, P. J., Sierra, A. C., & Huéscar, E. (2012). Motivación, frecuencia y tipo de actividad en practicantes de ejercicio físico. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, 12(48), 649-662. http://cdeporte.rediris.es/revista/revista48/artmotivacion319.htm
Moreno-Murcia, J. A., Cervelló, E., Huéscar, E., & Llamas, L. (2011). Relación de los motivos de práctica deportiva en adolescentes con la percepción de competencia, imagen corporal y hábitos saludables. Cultura y Educación, 23(4), 533-542. https://doi.org/10.1174/113564011798392433
Moreno-Murcia, J. A., Martínez Galindo, C., González-Cutre, D., & Marcos, P. (2009). Perfiles motivacionales de practi-cantes en el medio acuático frente al medio terrestre. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, 9(34), 201-216. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=54222994007
Morris, T., & Rogers, H. E. (2004). Measuring motives for physical activity. En Sport and Chance of Life: Presentado en Inter-national Sport Science Congress (pp. 242- 250). Seúl, Corea: The Kansas Association for Health.
Moscoso, D., Sánchez, R., Martín, M., & Pedrajas, N. (2015). ¿Qué significa ser ctivo en una sociedad sedentaria? Parado-jas de los estilos de vida y el ocio en la juventud española. EMPIRIA. Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales, (30), 77-108. https://doi.org/10.5944/empiria.30.2015.13886
Mulassi, A. H., Hadid, C., Boracci, R. A., Labruna, M. C., Picarel, A. E., Robilotte, A. N., Redruello, M., & Masoli, O. (2010). Hábitos de alimentación, actividad física, tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes escolarizados de la provincia y el conurbano bonaerenses. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría, 108(1), 45-54. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S0325-00752010000100009&script=sci_abstract
Naranjo, M. L. (2009). Motivación: perspectivas teóricas y algunas consideraciones de su importancia en el ámbito educati-vo. Revista Educación, 33(2), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.15517/revedu.v33i2.510
Pallarés, S., Miró, S., Pérez-Rivases, A., Torregrosa, M., Ramis, Y., Cruz, J., & Viladrich, C. (2020). Motivaciones hacia la actividad física de adolescentes, adultos mayores y exdeportistas de élite: Un análisis cualitativo. Pensamiento psicológi-co, 18(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.11144/Javerianacali.PPSI18-2.mafa
Parris, Z., Cale, L., Harris, J., & Casey, A. (2022). Physical activity for health, Covid-19 and social media: what, where and why? Movimento, 28, e28024. https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.122533
Pinto, A. A., Fernández, R. A., Da Silva, K. S., Silva, D. A. S., Beltrame, T. S., Cardoso, F. L., & Pelegrini, A. (2022). Niveles de actividad física en adolescentes brasileños: un estudio de tendencias seculares (2007–2017/18). IJERPH, 19(24), 16901. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416901
Planas, A., Reig, F., Palmi, J., Del Arco, I., & Prat J. A. (2020). Motivaciones, barreras y condición física en adolescentes según el estadio de cambio en ejercicio físico. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 29(2), 125–134. https://www.rpd-online.com/index.php/rpd/article/view/25/21
Rodríguez-Fernández, J. E., Rico-Díaz, J., Neira, P. J., & Navarro-Patón, R. (2021). Actividad física realizada por los escolares españoles según edad y sexo. Retos, 39, 238-245. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.77252
Sandercock, G. R. H., Ogunleye, A., & Voss, C. (2011). Comparison of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index between rural and urban East of England Healthy Hearts Study. Pediatrics International., 53(5), 718-724. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2011.03354.x
Santos-Labrador, R. M., Melero-Ventola, A. R., Cortés-Rodríguez, M., Sánhez-Barba, M., & Arroyo-Anlló, E. M. (2021). Validation of the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale in Adolescent School Children in Spain (PALMS-e). Sus-tainability, 13(14), 7714. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147714
Seabra, A., Mendoça, D., Maia, J., Welk, G., Brustad, R., Fonseca, A. M., & Seabra, A. F. (2013). Gender, weight status and socioeconomic differences in psychosocial correlates of physical activity in schoolchildren. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sports, 16(4), 320-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.07.008
Triguero-Ramos, R., Gómez, N., Aguilar, J. M., & León, I. (2019). Influencia del docente de EducaciónFisicasobre la con-fianza, la diversion, la motivacionyla intención de ser físicamente activo en la adolescencia. Cuadernos de Psicología del De-porte, 19(1), 222-232. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.347631
Vaquero-Solís, M., Amado, D., Sánchez-Oliva, D., Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., & Iglesias, D. (2020). Emotional Intelligence in Adolescence: Motivation and Physical Activity. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, 20(77). 119-131. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2020.77
Varela, M. T., Duarte, C., Salazar, I. C., Lema, L. F., & Tamayo, J. A. (2011). Actividad física y sedentarismo en jóvenes universitarios de Colombia: prácticas, motivos y recursos para realizarlas. Colombia Médica, 42(3), 269-277.
Vergara, M., Elzel, L., Ramírez-Campillo, R., Castro, R., & Cachón, J. (2015). Physical Activity In Teen Urban Educa-tional Institutions Of The Borough Of Río Bueno (Chile). Journal of Sport and Health Research, 7(1), 43-54.
Wang, J. H., Wu, M. C., & Chang, H. H. (2013). Urban-rural disparity in physical fitness of elementary schoolchildren in Taiwan. Pediatrics International, 55(39, 346-354. doi: 10.1111/ped.12044
Zach, S., Bar-Eli, M., Morris, T., & Moore, M. (2012). Measuring motivation for physical activity: an exploratory study of PALMS-the physical activity and leisure motivation scale. Athletic Insight. 4(2), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.1037/t41588-000
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
