Gross motor development in preschoolers on the islands of Lake Titicaca (3810 m.a.s.l.), Puno, Peru (Desarrollo motor grueso en preescolares de las islas del lago Titicaca (3810 m s. n. m.), Puno, Perú)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.79522Keywords:
Gross motor development, locomotion, object control, chronological age, equivalent age, preschool, Titicaca LakeAbstract
Abstract. The objective of this study was to analyze gross motor development in preschoolers on the islands of Lake Titicaca, considering the variables sex and age. The study corresponds to the descriptive-comparative cross-sectional design. 57 preschool children (31 boys and 26 girls, age M = 5.0, TD = .54) from the islands of Amantaní, Taquile and Uros, located in the province of Puno (Peru), at an altitude of 3810 m.a.s.l. participated. TGMD-2, Spanish version (reproducibility of .82) was used. The results show an average gross motor development (50.9%), with an age equivalent to six years (M = 6.0, TD = .82), one year above its chronological age (M = 5.0, TD = .54). Differences were found between islands (p = .01 <.05). No gender differences were found in gross motor development (p = .15> .05) or in locomotion development (p = .74> .05), but in object control (p = .00 <.05). , as well as in age (p = .00 <.05). It is concluded that the preschoolers present an average gross motor development with an equivalent age of one year older than their chronological age, of which preschool children from Taquile stand out by presenting a higher – above average development, with an equivalent age of one year and nine months older than their chronological age, being superior to those of Amantaní and Uros, who present an average development and a lower equivalent age. Women show more development than men only in object control. Those of four years present more development than those of five.
Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el desarrollo motor grueso en preescolares de las islas del lago Titicaca, considerando las variables sexo y edad. El estudio corresponde al diseño transversal descriptivo-comparativo. Participaron 57 niños de etapa preescolar (31 varones y 26 mujeres; edad M=5.0, DT= .54) de las islas de Amantaní, Taquile y Uros, localizadas en la provincia de Puno (Perú), a una altitud de 3810 m s. n. m. Se utilizó el TGMD-2, versión en español (reproductividad de .82). Los resultados demuestran un desarrollo motor grueso promedio (50.9%), con una edad equivalente a seis años (M=6.0, DT= .82), un año por encima de su edad cronológica (M=5.0, DT= .54). Se encontraron diferencias entre islas (p= .01< .05). No se encontraron diferencias de género en el desarrollo motor grueso (p= .15> .05) ni en el de locomoción (p= .74> .05), pero sí en control de objetos (p= .00< .05), al igual que en edad (p= .00< .05). Se concluye en que los preescolares presentan un desarrollo motor grueso promedio con una edad equivalente de un año mayor a su edad cronológica, de los que destacan preescolares de Taquile al presentar un desarrollo superior-por encima del promedio, con una edad equivalente de un año y nueve meses mayor a su edad cronológica, siendo superior a los de Amantaní y Uros, quienes presentan un desarrollo promedio y edad equivalente menor. Las mujeres presentan mayor desarrollo que los varones solo en control de objetos. Los de cuatro años presentan mayor desarrollo que los de cinco.
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Copyright (c) 2020 Angel Anibal Mamani Ramos, Carlos Wyly Dextre Mendoza, Jhonny Jesús Lava Gálvez, Gladis Ticona Flores, Lisbeth Marutzia Quispe Cruz, Fred Torres Cruz, Jorge Alberto Quisocala Mamani, José Damián Fuentes López
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