Características antropométricas y de rendimiento físico en futbolistas sub-11 según el nivel competitivo (Anthropometric and fitness performance characteristics in under-11 football players by competitive level)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i34.59638Keywords:
Rendimiento, test, desarrollo, atleta joven, talento (Performance, development, young athlete, talent)Abstract
Objetivo: Estudiar las diferencias en características antropométricas y de rendimiento físico en jugadores de diferente nivel competitivo. Métodos: 86 jugadores de fútbol sub-11 de diferente nivel competitivo fueron sometidos a pruebas de velocidad (15 y 30 metros), salto con contramovimiento (CMJ), estimación del volumen de oxígeno máximo (VO2máx), velocidad máxima de golpeo, índice de fatiga en test de saltos continuos y medidas antropométricas de peso, altura e índice de masa corporal (IMC). Resultados: Los jugadores de un mayor nivel competitivo obtuvieron mejores resultados en velocidad en 15 (p = .000; d = 1.06) y 30 metros (p = .000; d = 1.12), salto CMJ (p = .017; d = .52), VO2máx (p = .004; d = .63) y velocidad de golpeo de balón (p = .041; d = .44), pero no en el índice de fatiga del test de saltos continuos (p = .663; d = .08). A su vez, tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas en el peso (p = .938; d = .01), la altura (p = .115; d = .34) y el índice de masa corporal (p = .471; d = .28). Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra las diferencias de rendimiento físico y en medidas antropométricas analizadas en jugadores de fútbol sub-11 de diferente nivel competitivo, las cuales no han sido previamente estudiadas dentro de la literatura científica en este grupo de edad. Los jugadores de mayor nivel competitivo obtienen mejores resultados en los tests de rendimiento físico, excepto en el índice de fatiga de altura de salto. Sin embargo, las características antropométricas no permiten discernir entre ambos grupos.
Abstract. Purpose: To study the differences in anthropometric and fitness performance characteristics in football players of different competitive levels. Methods: 86 under-11 football players of different competitive levels were subjected to sprint test (15 and 30 meters), countermovement Jump (CMJ), estimation of maximal oxygen intake (VO2máx), maximal kicking velocity, fatigue index in continuous jump test and anthropometrical measures of body mass, height and body mass index (BMI). Results: Players of a higher competitive level obtained better results in 15 (p = .000; d = 1.06) and 30 meters (p = .000; d = 1.12), CMJ (p = .017; d = .52), VO2max (p = .004; d = .63) and maximal kicking velocity (p = .041; d = .44), but not in fatigue index in continuous jump test (p = .663; d = .08). Likewise, no significant differences were found in body mass (p = .938; d = .01), height (p = .115; d = .34) and body mass index (p = .471; d = .28). Conclusions: This study shows the differences in fitness performance and anthropometric measures in under-11 football players of different competitive levels, which have not been previously reported in this age group. Players of higher competitive level obtained better results in fitness performance test, except in the fatigue index of jump height. However, anthropometric characteristics do not allow to distinguish between both groups.
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