Confiabilidad y validez del cuestionario de trastornos de sueño BEARS en niños y adolescentes escolares de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia: Estudio FUPRECOL (Reliability and Validity of the BEARS Sleep Disorder Questionnaire in Children and Adolescent Students fr
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i34.58585Keywords:
Trastornos de sueño, Cuestionarios, Psicometría, Confiablidad, Validación (sleep disorders, questionnaires, psychometrics, reliability, validation)Abstract
El sueño juega un papel fundamental en muchas esferas del desarrollo de los infantes en etapa escolar. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la confiabilidad y validez de contenido del cuestionario BEARS en niños y adolescentes de 9 a 17 años. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 8.862 niños y adolescentes pertenecientes a 24 instituciones educativas oficiales de Bogotá, Colombia. Se aplicó el cuestionario BEARS, de manera auto-diligenciada por formulario estructurado. Una sub-muestra de 246 participantes se utilizó para los análisis de fiabilidad. La consistencia del instrumento se analizó mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, la validez de constructo a través del análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), y la fiabilidad mediante el coeficiente Kappa ponderado. Los resultados mostraron adecuada consistencia (Cronbach global de 0,732; rango 0,706 a 0,769) y moderada fiabilidad (kappa de 0,665; rango 0,378 a 0,629). El AFE determinó un solo factor (ítem 1: problemas a la hora de dormir), explicaba el 61,4% de la varianza, agrupando dos interacciones χ2/gl=2690,817; p=0,001. El cuestionario BEARS mostró una adecuada consistencia interna, fiabilidad y validez. A partir de estos resultados, se recomienda este instrumento principalmente en el contexto de atención primaria, para el estudio y cribado de las alteraciones del sueño en población escolarizada de Bogotá, Colombia.
Abstract. Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being in school-age children. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and content validity of the BEARS questionnaire in children and adolescents from 9 to 17 years of age. The sample comprised 8,862 children and adolescents belonging to 24 official education institutions from Bogotá, Colombia. The BEARS questionnaire was applied through self-completion manner, with a structured form. A sub-sample of 246 participants was used for reliability analyses. Consistency of the instrument was analyzed through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, construct validity through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and reliability through the weighted Kappa coefficient. Results showed adequate consistency (global Cronbach of 0.732; range 0.706 to 0.769) and moderate reliability (Kappa of 0.665; range 0.706 to 0.769). The EFA determined a single factor (item 1: problems when going to sleep), which explained 61.4% of the variance, grouping two interactions χ2/gl = 2690.817; p = 0.001. The BEARS questionnaire showed adequate internal consistency, reliability, and validity. From these results, this instrument is recommended principally within the context of primary care for the study and screening of sleep alterations in school-aged populations from Bogotá, Colombia.
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