Análisis histórico de la efectividad de los lanzamientos a portería de balonmano masculino (Historical analysis of throwing effectiveness in male handball)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i32.56059Keywords:
Análisis notacional, balonmano, efectividad de lanzamiento, lanzamiento (Notational analysis, handball, throw efectivity, throw)Abstract
El objeto de este artículo es realizar un análisis de la efectividad de los lanzamientos en el alto rendimiento en balonmano. Para ello la muestra recoge 32 finales de Campeonatos del Mundo, de Europa y Juegos Olímpicos desde 1982 hasta 2012. El análisis de los lanzamientos se ha efectuado a partir de diferentes zonas, estableciendo como referencia la línea de 6 metros (centro y lateral), 7 metros y 9 metros (centro y lateral), e incluyendo los lanzamientos en situación de contraataque. El análisis de las videograbaciones se llevó a cabo con el software SportCode Pro v.8.5.2. La comparación de las frecuencias de las diferentes zonas de lanzamiento analizadas, se empleó la prueba Kruskal-Wallis. Los resultados demuestran las diferentes evoluciones de lanzamiento para cada una de las zonas analizadas. Se destaca el aumento de los lanzamientos de zona de 9 metros centro (9mC) (p=0,014) a lo largo de los periodos analizados. En cuanto a la evolución de goles, se destaca el aumento de los goles conseguidos en zona de 6 metros lateral, siendo mayor que en 6 metros centro (6mC). Finalmente se establece la evolución de la efectividad para cada una de las zonas analizadas, destacando el aumento de la efectividad para los lanzamientos de 7 metros (del 52,6% al 76,7%) y contraataque (del 55,6% al 71,1%).
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyze the throwing effectiveness in high performance handball. Therefore, the sample comprises 32 World Championships, European Championships and Olympic Games finals from 1982 to 2012. The analysis of throwing has been conducted from different areas, establishing as reference the line of 6 meters (center and lateral), 7 meters and 9 meters (center and lateral) , and including the throwing in counterattack situation. Video recordings were analyzed using SportCode Pro v.8.5.2 software and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the different throwing areas frequencies. As for the results, they show the different throwing evolutions for each of the analyzed area. It highlights the increase of 9 meters center throws (9mC) (p=0.014) during the analyzed periods. Concerning the number of goals, it is also emphasized that the goals scored from 6 meters lateral (6mL) were larger than from 6 meters center (6mC) Finally, it is set the evolution of effectiveness for each one of the analyzed areas, with an increase in effectiveness for the 7 meters throw (from 52.6% to 76.7%) and counterattack throwing (from 55.6% to 71.1%).
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