Percepción en adolescentes de los valores olímpicos asociados a la práctica del fútbol frente a otros deportes (Teenagers perception about olympic values associated to football practice compared to other sports)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i30.50548Keywords:
Valores Olímpicos, educación en valores, deporte escolar, fútbol, cuestionario de evaluación (Olympic values, social and moral education, school sports, football, evaluation questionnaire)Abstract
El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar qué valores asocian los adolescentes a la práctica deportiva con especial énfasis en los que caracterizan al Movimiento Olímpico. Para ello se ha elaborado un cuestionario ad-hoc en el que se ha preguntado a jóvenes de entre 12 y 18 años por 30 cualidades que, tanto en la bibliografía como en la sociedad, se relacionan comúnmente con el deporte. Dado que el fútbol es el deporte mayoritariamente practicado (como también se refleja en nuestro trabajo) y de mayor impacto social y mediático, hemos centrado el análisis en la percepción de los valores olímpicos de sus practicantes. Así, el valor más importante asociado a la práctica deportiva es la diversión. Además, los cuatro Valores Olímpicos consensuados en la bibliografía: esfuerzo, juego limpio, amistad y respeto; aparecen situados entre las seis primeras posiciones por orden de valoración. De los facilitados en el cuestionario, los valores negativos como “machacar al rival” son los menos valorados. Sin embargo, los futbolistas puntúan significativamente más alto que la media las variables negativas. Por género, los chicos futbolistas también puntúan significativamente más alto que las chicas cualidades negativas como las asociadas a la competitividad. Los futbolistas dan más valor a cualidades relacionadas con el equipo frente a los practicantes de artes marciales que valoran en mayor medida cualidades personales.
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyze what values associated teens with sport with special emphasis on those that characterize the Olympic Movement. To do that, we have developed an ad-hoc questionnaire in which we asked young people, between 12 and 18 years, for 30 qualities that commonly associate with the sport. Since football is the sport mostly practiced (as is also reflected in our work) and with the greater social and media impact, we have focused the analysis on the perception of the Olympic values of the football players. Thus, the most important value associated with the sport is: fun. In addition, the four Olympic Values consensus in the literature: effort, fair play, friendship and respect; they appear positioned between the six top positions, in order of valuation. Of those provided in the questionnaire, negative values as "crush rival" are the least valued. However, football players scored significantly higher than average negative variables. By gender, the boys football players also scored significantly higher than girls negative values associated with competitiveness. The football players give greater importance to team-related values compared to martial arts practitioners who emphasize personal values further.
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