Descripción de la práctica de actividad física, habilidades motrices básicas y composición corporal en niños y jóvenes de espectro autista. Diferencias por sexo (Description of physical activity, motor skills and body composition in children and young wi)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i28.34817Keywords:
Autismo, actividad física, habilidad motriz, composición corporal (Autism, physical activity, motor skills, body composition)Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio es describir los niveles de práctica de actividad física, habilidades motrices básicas y la composición corporal en niños y jovenes con Trastornos de Espectro Autista que se encuentran escolarizados en centros de educación especial en la Comunidad de Madrid y analizar diferencias entre sexos, por ser una población de la que existe una carencia de información sobre estos parámetros. Participaron 53 niños y jóvenes (11.9 + 3.4 años) y sus familias. Se empleó un diseño descriptivo y comparativo entre sexos donde se utilizó acelerometría para medir su actividad física, test motores para las habilidades motrices y bioimpedancia para la composición corporal. Los niños presentan mayores tasas de actividad moderada frente a las niñas, tanto en los días laborables (62.8±33.5 vs 36.1±34.1 minutos respectivamente; p=.02) como en los días festivos, donde estas diferencias se incrementan (75.4±56.0 vs 31.5±36.7; p=.02). Los festivos incrementan el tiempo que dedican a la televisión (40.9±45.0 vs 87.7±102.8 min. en las niñas; 59.7±80.2 vs 88.8±144.0 en los niños; p=.01), sin diferencias entre sexos (p>.05). En el total de la muestra, se ha encontrado un 27.3% de incidencia de sobrepeso siendo más elevada en las niñas (55.6% niñas vs 20.0% niños; p=.03). Igualmente, las niñas han mostrado menores niveles de habilidad motriz. Se hace necesario implementar programas de actividad física para este colectivo, prestando especial atención a las niñas.
Abstract. The purpose of this study was to describe the physical activity levels, motor skills and body composition in children and young with Autistic Spectrum Disorders and analyze gender differences. Fifty-three students from special education schools and their families from Madrid (11.9 + 3.4 years) took part in this descriptive study. Triaxial accelerometers were used to assess their physical activity (PA) levels, motor tests were used to measure their motor skills and bioimpedance was used to calculate body composition. Boys have higher rates of moderate PA than girls, both on weekdays (62.8±33.5 vs. 36.1±34.1 min, respectively; p=.02) and on weekends, when these differences are increased (75.4±56.0 vs 31.5±36.7; p=.02). On weekends, time they spend watching television are increased (40.9±45.0 vs. 87.7±102.8 min for girls; 59.7±80.2 vs. 88.8±144.0 for boys; p=.01), without gender differences (p>.05). For the total sample, has been identified 27.3% the overweight’s incidence, that is higher in girls (55.6% girls vs. 20.0% boys; p=.03). Likewise, girls had lower motor skills levels. It is necessary to introduce PA programs to this group, with special focus on girls.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
