Análisis comparativo de la relación entre el número de caídas anual y baterías de pruebas de equilibrio y agilidad en personas mayores (Comparative analysis of the relation between the number of falls annually and a battery of static balance and agility t
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i17.34689Keywords:
Agilidad, caída, equilibrio, envejecimiento y evaluación.Abstract
Las caídas son un serio problema para las personas mayores debido a la alta tasa de mortalidad y morbilidad. Los factores de riesgo relacionado con las caídas son muchos y es difícil aislar los elementos desencadenantes. Los déficits de equilibrio, los problemas de visión, la disminución de la fuerza de las piernas, la perdida de coordinación y los cambios de la propiocepción son factores determinantes. Es necesario disponer de test de campo sencillos para la valoración y poder detectar los problemas que causan las caídas. Un grupo de sujetos ( n=33), edad media (70,2 + 5,3) y un perfil de actividad física de al menos dos días por semana que caminaban entre 35 y 90 minutos cuatro días por semana contestaron un cuestionario sobre datos personales proporcionando información sobre las caídas. Los resultados mostraron que los tests en posición estática bipodal con ojos abiertos no discriminaban. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas positivas entre los ítems de equilibrio estático (0,31 < r < 0,71) y con los limites de probabilidad de 0,001< p < 0,05. Se recomienda incluir el test de agilidad en la valoración.
Palabra clave: Agilidad, caída, equilibrio, envejecimiento y evaluación.
Abstract: Falls are a serious problem for the elderly because the high rate of mortality and morbidity. The risk factors related to falls are many and it is difficult to isolate the triggering elements. Deficits in balance, problems of sight, decreases of strength in the legs, loss of coordination and changes in propioception are important factors. It is necessary to have simple assessment field tests to detect problems which lead to falls. A group of subjects (n=33), mean age 70,2 + 5,3, and a physical activity profile of at least two days a week, who walked between 35 and 90 minutes as and average, 4 days a week, answered a personal data questionnaire and provided data on falls. The results showed that bipodal standing with open eyes tests were not discriminatory. Significant positive correlations were found between items of static balance test (0,31 < r < 0,71) and the probability limits of 0,001< p < 0,05. It is recommended to include the agility test in assessment.
Key words: Ageing, agility, assessment, balance and falls.
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