Cifosis funcional y actitud cifótica lumbar en piragüistas adolescentes (Functional kyphosis and lumbar kyphosis in adolescent paddlers)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i17.34659Keywords:
raquis, torácico, lumbar, flexión máxima del tronco, bipedestación.Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la frecuencia de casos de cifosis funcional y actitud cifótica lumbar en piragüistas adolescentes. A un total de 140 piragüistas (media de edad: 13,67 ± 0,61 años) se les midió, mediante un inclinómetro, la disposición sagital del raquis dorsal y lumbar en bipedestación relajada y al realizar una flexión máxima del tronco en sedentación con rodillas extendidas (test de distancia dedos-planta). Al clasificar los valores angulares en base a las referencias de normalidad, un 63% de los deportistas tenían una curva dorsal normal en bipedestación, de los cuales un 91,2% presentaban un morfotipo cifótico leve o moderado en la posición de máxima flexión del tronco. En cuanto al raquis lumbar, el 68,5% tenía una curva normal en bipedestación, de los cuales el 83,9% presentaban un morfotipo cifótico en flexión máxima del tronco. En conclusión, existe un alto porcentaje de piragüistas con una disposición normal del raquis en bipedestación, pero con un morfotipo cifótico leve o moderado en flexión máxima del tronco. Es necesario incluir, en el control y seguimiento de estos deportistas, una valoración de la columna que incluya el estudio de la disposición sagital del raquis en flexión máxima del tronco.
Palabra clave: raquis, torácico, lumbar, flexión máxima del tronco, bipedestación.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of functional kyphosis and lumbar kyphosis in adolescent paddlers. A total of 140 paddlers (mean age: 13,67 ± 0,61 years) participated in this study. The sagittal spinal curvatures (thoracic and lumbar curves) in relaxed standing and in maximal trunk flexion with knees extended (sit-and-reach test) were evaluated with an inclinometer. The analysis of angular values with respect to the normality references showed that 63% of athletes with normal thoracic curve in standing, while in maximal trunk flexion there were many athletes (91.2%) with a moderate or slight kyphotic posture. With respect to lumbar curve, 68.5% of the subjects had normal values in standing, while 83.9% showed lumbar kyphotic postures in maximal trunk flexion. In conclusion, there was a high percentage of paddlers with normal angular values in relaxed standing, although when maximal trunk flexion with knees extended was performed there was a significant increase of kyphotic postures in both thoracic and lumbar curves. For this reason, the evaluation of sagittal spinal curvatures of paddlers is an important variable to include in training planning.
Key words: spine, thoracic, lumbar, maximal trunk bending, standing.
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