Características antropométricas, composición corporal y somatotipo en deportistas de élite de salvamento (Anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype in elite lifesaver)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34401Keywords:
deporte, playa, piscina, natación, rendimiento, perfil deportivo.Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo es triple: 1) Describir la estructura antropométrica, composición corporal y somatotipo de los mejores deportistas de salvamento. 2) Describir y comparar las características antropométricas de los deportistas de salvamento en función de sus especialidades, y 3) Comparar a los mejores deportistas de salvamento de Galicia con respecto a los especialistas de salvamento acuático del panorama nacional. La muestra empleada en este estudio fueron 85 deportistas de élite salvamento deportivo, de ellos 51 fueron hombres y 34 fueron mujeres. Los hombres presentaron una media de edad de 20.8±3.0 años, 74.9±8.4kg, 179.8±7.1cm de altura y 185.2±9.8cm de envergadura. Las mujeres presentaron una media de edad de 19.8±2.8 años, 60.4±7.4kg, 164.9±6.4cm de altura y 166.4±9.9cm de envergadura. Para el estudio se valoró el peso, la altura, la envergadura, cinco diámetros y cinco perímetros, calculándose el porcentaje graso, muscular y el somatotipo. Se aplicó un análisis de la varianza (ANOVA), con un post hoc de Tukey para analizar las diferencias entre categorías. Los deportistas de salvamento presentan un somatotipo mesomorfo balanceado en los varones y meso-endomórfico para las mujeres, siendo la mesomorfia el valor predominante en ambos casos. Existen diferencias entre la especialidad de playa y la de piscina. Los deportistas de selección gallega presentan un perfil antropométrico diferente al de los especialistas de piscina del panorama nacional.
Palabras clave: deporte, playa, piscina, natación, rendimiento, perfil deportivo.
Abstrac: The aim of the study was threefold: 1) To describe the anthropometric profile, body composition and somatotype of the best sport lifesaving athletes 2) To describe and compare physical characteristics of the sport lifesaving athletes by discipline and 3) To compare the best Galician sport lifesaving athletes with the rest of Spanish sport lifesaving athletes. 85 elite sport lifesavers were recruited for the study, 51 men and 34 women. Physical characteristics of the sample were 20.8±3.0 years; 74.9±8.4kg and 179.8±7.1cm height and 185.2±9.8cm of arm span for male and 19.8±2.8 years, 60.4±7.4kg of weight, 164.9±6.4cm of height and 166.4±9.9cm of arm span for female. Additionally, 5 body girths and 5 skeletal breadths, somatotype, fat and muscle percentage were analysed. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey post hoc test were used to determine if significant differences existed in the anthropometric profile among disciplines. Male sport lifesavers athletes show a balanced mesomorph and female sport lifesavers show a mesomorphic endomorph somatotype Male and female show predominance in mesomorph component. Our data suggest that there are differences between beach discipline and pool discipline. Galician sport lifesavers show differences in anthropometric profile with national pool specialist.
Key words: sport, beach, pool, swimming, performance, sport profile.
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