What are the trends in shared leadership development and leadership life skills formation through sport activities: a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107445Keywords:
Shared Leadership, Life Skills, Sports ActivitiesAbstract
A person must have a leadership attitude as a life skill for himself. Leadership is formed systematically from an early age until the end of human life, one of which is by actively participating in a sports club. A club can develop because of the roles in sports, both by athletes, coaches, managers, and others. To win a competition or race, it is necessary to collaborate between athletes in an extraordinary manner in order to achieve the highest goal, namely victory. Many plans are developed, implemented and evaluated. This process requires leadership from team members at every level. Ultimately, this process is internalized in each member, both as a member and line leader, as it takes place in a sports club. How this leadership is formed is shown in this article. Data bases were searched using search engines on Scopus or Science Direct and others before analysis using PRISMA. The final selection of the research database was carried out by checking for duplication, analyzing the title, completeness of the abstract manuscript, and the title and content of the article, resulting in 38 articles. The results showed that active participation in sports, especially those that embrace shared leadership, provides the experience to become one goal and vision of a common mission, so that each member is more motivated to collaborate and spend time, energy, and even money to achieve this goal. This process requires unipersonal skills. In addition, authoritarian and native leadership models are still used. Obviously, whatever leadership model is applied will provide soft skills to participants, no matter what they want. This will lead to leadership in other fields besides sports, including in mathematics education. According to the literature evidence, there are twelve studies that transform sports involvement into life-beneficial values; eight studies that influence leadership behavior towards running sports organizations; four studies on transformational leadership. When people participate in active leadership activities and take on roles, they gain useful experiences, which in turn will have a positive impact on their leadership development in life.
Keywords: Shared Leadership, Life Skills, Sports Activities
References
Álvarez, O., Castillo, I., Molina-García, V., & Tomás, I. (2019). Transformational leadership, task-involving climate, and their implications in male junior soccer players: A multilevel approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193649
Armstrong, A., Bloom, G. A., Lefebvre, J. S., & Schaefer, L. (2022). Examining How Canadian Hockey League General Managers Build and Sustain Cultures of Excellence. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 11(3), 320–333. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000295
Atrizka, D., & Pratama, I. (2022). The Influence of Organizational Leadership and Coaches on Indonesian Athletes’ Adversity Quotient (Intelligence). Revista de Psicologia Del Deporte, 31(1), 88–97.
Brown, J., & Slater, M. J. (2023). Improving identity leadership through a novel targeted reflective practice intervention. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 35(4), 625–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2098877
Calvo, C., & Topa, G. (2019). Leadership and motivational climate: The relationship with objectives, commitment, and satisfaction in base soccer players. Behavioral Sciences, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs9030029
Campo, M., Louvet, B., & Harabi, S. (2022). Dimensions of social identification with the team as predictors of the coach-created training climate in rugby: A group-actor partner interdependence modelling perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102104
Chang, W. H., Kuo, C. C., & Ni, Y. L. (2022). Mindfulness enhances changes in athletes’ subjective vitality: The moderating role of coach interpersonal style. Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(3), 190–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsep.2021.10.002
Crawford, K., Arnold, R., McKay, C., & McEwan, D. (2023). Coaching teamwork: Team sport athletes’ and coaches’ perceptions of how coaches facilitate teamwork. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2299203
Danielsen, L. D., Giske, R., Peters, D. M., & Høigaard, R. (2019). Athletes as “cultural architects”: A qualitative analysis of elite coaches’ perceptions of highly influential soccer players. Sport Psychologist, 33(4), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1123/TSP.2018-0166
de Albuquerque, L. R., Scheeren, E. M., Vagetti, G. C., & de Oliveira, V. (2021). Influence of the coach’s method and leadership profile on the positive development of young players in team sports. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 20(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2021.9
Duguay, A. M., Loughead, T. M., Hoffmann, M. D., & Caron, J. G. (2022). Facilitating the development of shared athlete leadership: Insights from intercollegiate coaches. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 34(2), 251–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1773576
Feraco, T., & Meneghetti, C. (2022). Sport Practice, Fluid Reasoning, and Soft Skills in 10- to 18-Year-Olds. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.857412
Flemington, A., Loughead, T. M., & Desrosiers, M. (2023). Assessing athlete leadership and cohesion using a social network analysis approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1050385
Fransen, K., Haslam, S. A., Steffens, N. K., Mallett, C. J., Peters, K., & Boen, F. (2020). Making ‘us’ better: High-quality athlete leadership relates to health and burnout in professional Australian football teams. European Journal of Sport Science, 20(7), 953–963. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1680736
Fransen, K., McEwan, D., & Sarkar, M. (2020). The impact of identity leadership on team functioning and well-being in team sport: Is psychological safety the missing link? Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101763
Fransen, K., Mertens, N., Cotterill, S. T., Vande Broek, G., & Boen, F. (2020). From Autocracy to Empowerment: Teams with Shared Leadership Perceive their Coaches to be Better Leaders. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 32(1), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2019.1617370
Glaude, M., Bloom, G. A., & Martin, L. J. (2023). An in-depth exploration of a positional subgroup in professional sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 36(2), 320 – 341. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2023.2274456
González-García, H., & Martinent, G. (2020). Relationships between perceived coach leadership, athletes’ use of coping and emotions among competitive table tennis players. European Journal of Sport Science, 20(8), 1113–1123. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1693633
González-García, H., Martinent, G., & Nicolas, M. (2021). Relationships between perceived coach leadership and athletes’ affective states experienced during competition. Journal of Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1835236
González-García, H., Martinent, G., & Nicolas, M. (2022). Relationships between coach’s leadership, group cohesion, affective states, sport satisfaction and goal attainment in competitive settings. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541211053229
González-García, H., Martinent, G., & Trinidad, A. (2019). Perceived coach leadership profiles and relationship with burnout, coping and emotions. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01785
Grégoire, B., Laure, G., Sarah, M., Séverine, C., & Evelyne, F. (2021). Role of psychological ownership and authenticity strength in the relationship between authentic leadership and sport team performance: A multilevel analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101965
Hemphill, M. A., Gordon, B., & Wright, P. M. (2019). Sports as a passport to success: life skill integration in a positive youth development program. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 24(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2019.1606901
Huynh, H. P., Johnson, C. E., & Wehe, H. (2020). Humble Coaches and Their Influence on Players and Teams: The Mediating Role of Affect-Based (but Not Cognition-Based) Trust. Psychological Reports, 123(4), 1297–1315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119839028
Jowett, S., Do Nascimento-Júnior, J. R. A., Zhao, C., & Gosai, J. (2023). Creating the conditions for psychological safety and its impact on quality coach-athlete relationships. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 65, 102363. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102363
Kegelaers, J., Wylleman, P., Blijlevens, S., Boonstoppel, A., & Hendriks, M. (2020). Coaches’ Perspective on team resilience during major international competition. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 51(3), 221–246. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2020.51.221
Kendellen, K., & Camiré, M. (2021). A creative non-fiction story of an athlete’s journey through the life skills application process. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 13(5), 816–831. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2020.1803392
Kochanek, J., & Erickson, K. (2021). Unpacking educational athletics: An exploratory study of high school athletic directors’ critical praxis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101871
Kochanek, J., Erickson, K., & Secaras, L. (2023). Dialogue in athletics: A program evaluation of a social justice education initiative in high school sports. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 35(4), 680–709. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2022.2084181
Lee, Y. H., R. Richards, K. A., & Washhburn, N. S. (2020). Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction, Emotional Exhaustion, and Subjective Well-Being in High School Athletic Directors. Psychological Reports, 123(6), 2418–2440. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119860254
Leo, F. M., García-Calvo, T., González-Ponce, I., Pulido, J. J., & Fransen, K. (2019). How many leaders does it take to lead a sports team? The relationship between the number of leaders and the effectiveness of professional sports teams. PLoS ONE, 14(6), e0218167. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218167
Lopez-Gajardo, M. A., Leo, F. M., Jackman, P. C., & McEwan, D. (2023). Teamwork Execution and Team Resilience: A Multistudy Examination of Reciprocal and Longitudinal Relationships. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 12(2), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000316
Machida-Kosuga, M. (2021). Gender (Dis)Similarity in mentorship among intercollegiate coaches: Implications for leader development. Sport Psychologist, 35(3), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1123/TSP.2020-0071
Maechel, C., Loughead, T. M., Wergin, V. V., Kossak, T., & Beckmann, J. (2022). A Solution-Focused Approach to Shared Athlete Leadership Development Using Mixed Methods. Sport Psychologist, 36(2), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2021-0075
Malloy, E., & Kavussanu, M. (2021a). A comparison of authentic and transformational leadership in sport. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 51(7), 636–646. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12769
Malloy, E., & Kavussanu, M. (2021b). The effects of an authentic coaching intervention on athlete outcomes: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101957
McLaren, C. D., Boardley, I. D., Benson, A. J., Martin, L. J., Fransen, K., Herbison, J. D., Slatcher, R. B., Carré, J. M., Côté, J., & Bruner, M. W. (2021). Follow the leader: Identity leadership and moral behaviour in social situations among youth sport teammates. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101940
Miller, A. J., Slater, M. J., & Turner, M. J. (2020). Coach identity leadership behaviours are positively associated with athlete resource appraisals: The mediating roles of relational and group identification. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101755
Miller, A. J., Slater, M. J., & Turner, M. J. (2021). Shared identity content between leader and follower influences intentional mobilization and challenge and threat states. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101914
Murray, R. M., Dugdale, J. H., Habeeb, C. M., & Arthur, C. A. (2021). Transformational parenting and coaching on mental toughness and physical performance in adolescent soccer players: The moderating effect of athlete age. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(4), 580–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1765027
Newman, T. J., Lower, L. M., & Brgoch, S. M. (2019). Developing sport team captains as formal leaders. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 10(3), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2019.1604590
Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., Mcdonald, S., … Mckenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. In The BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160
Passaportis, M. J. R., Brown, D. J., Wagstaff, C. R. D., Arnold, R., & Hays, K. (2022). Creating an environment for thriving: An ethnographic exploration of a British decentralised Olympic and Paralympic Sport Organisation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 62, 102247. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102247
Pierce, S., Erickson, K., & Sarkar, M. (2020). High school student-athletes’ perceptions and experiences of leadership as a life skill. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101716
Preston, C., Allan, V., & Fraser-Thomas, J. (2021). Facilitating Positive Youth Development in Elite Youth Hockey: Exploring Coaches’ Capabilities, Opportunities, and Motivations. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(3), 302–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2019.1648327
Reitan, T., & Stenberg, S. Å. (2019). From classroom to conscription. Leadership emergence in childhood and early adulthood. Leadership Quarterly, 30(3), 298–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.11.006
Santos, F., Strachan, L., Gould, D., Pereira, P., & Machado, C. (2019). The role of team captains in integrating positive teammate psychological development in high-performance sport. Sport Psychologist, 33(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2017-0135
Slater, M. J., Coffee, P., Barker, J. B., Haslam, S. A., & Steffens, N. K. (2019). Shared social identity content is the basis for leaders’ mobilization of followers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 43, 271–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.03.012
Stevens, M., Rees, T., Coffee, P., Steffens, N. K., Alexander Haslam, S., & Polman, R. (2020). Leading us to be active: A two-wave test of relationships between identity leadership, group identification, and attendance. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 9(1), 128–142. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000164
Stevens, M., Rees, T., Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., Coffee, P., & Polman, R. (2019). Leaders’ creation of shared identity impacts group members’ effort and performance: Evidence from an exercise task. PLoS ONE, 14(7), e0218984. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218984
Subijana, C. L. de, Martin, L. J., Tejón, O., & Côté, J. (2021). Adolescent Athletes’ Perceptions of Both Their Coachs’ Leadership and Their Personal Motivation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 128(2), 813–830. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512520985760
Suryadi, D., Komaini, A., Suganda, M. A., Rubiyatno, R., Faridah, E., Fauzan, L. A., Fauziah, E., Putra, M. E., & Ayubi, N. (2024). Sports Health in Older Age: Prevalence and Risk Factors - Systematic Review. Retos, 53, 390–399. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.102654
Suryadi, D., Nasrulloh, A., Haryanto, J., Samodra, Y. T. J., Wati, I. D. P., Suganda, M. A., Nugroho, S., Dafun Jr, P. B., Kushartanti, B. M. W., & Fauziah, E. (2024). What are physical exercise interventions in older age? Literature review for physical and cognitive function. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 28(3 SE-Articles), 201–212. https://sportpedagogy.org.ua/index.php/ppcs/article/view/2657
Suryadi, D., Nasrulloh, A., Yanti, N., Ramli, R., Fauzan, L. A., Kushartanti, B. W., Sumaryanti, S., Suhartini, B., Budayati, E. S., Arovah, N. I., Mashud, M., Suganda, M. A., Sumaryanto, S., Sutapa, P., Abdullah, N. M. bin, & Fauziah, E. (2024). Stimulation of motor skills through game models in early childhood and elementary school students: systematic review in Indonesia. Retos, 51, 1255–1261. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101743
Suryadi, D., Okilanda, A., Nofrizal, D., Anggara Suganda, M., Tulyakul, S., Ahmed, M., Hussain, I., Nasrulloh, A., Juni Samodra, Y. T., Puspita Wati, I. D., & Herdiyana Bastian, R. (2024). How does cooperative learning work with students? Literature review in physical education. Retos, 55, 527–535. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105256
Suryadi, D., Susanto, N., Faridah, E., Wahidi, R., Samodra, Y. T. J., Nasrulloh, A., Suganda, M. A., Wati, I. D. P., Sinulingga, A., Arovah, N. I., & Dewantara, J. (2024). Exercise for health in old age: Comprehensive review examining the benefits and efficacy of interven-tions. Retos, 55(SE-Revisiones teóricas, sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.103771
Takamatsu, S., & Yamakita, R. (2022). The relationship between athlete leadership and communication: Analyzing social networks within Japanese sport teams. Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsep.2022.08.004
Turgeon, S., Newman, T. J., Lee, L., Bean, C., & Nicholas, O. (2023). Social justice attitudes and behavioural intentions of NCAA student-athletes: the role of life skills. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2023.2238273
Vinson, D., Navin, A., Lamont, A., Turnnidge, J., & Côté, J. (2023). Understanding the Leadership and Environmental Mechanisms in a Super League Netball Club. Sport Psychologist, 37(2), 106–118. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2022-0104
Wang, Q., Zainal Abidin, N. E., Aman, M. S., Wang, N., Ma, L., & Liu, P. (2024). Cultural moderation in sports impact: exploring sports-induced effects on educational progress, cognitive focus, and social development in Chinese higher education. BMC Psychology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01584-1
Wati, I. D. P., Kusnanik, N. W., Wahjuni, E. S., Samodra, Y. T. J., Gandasari, M. F., & Sofyan, D. (2024). Eat well to the best performance: calorie intake and eating behavior among athlete: a review. International Journal of Public Health Science, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v13i1.23336
Weinberg, R., Freysinger, V., Vealey, R., & Block, C. (2020). What does it mean to be “mentally tough” as a NCAA division I collegiate coach? Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2020.1791277
Worley, J. T., Harenberg, S., & Vosloo, J. (2020). The relationship between peer servant leadership, social identity, and team cohesion in intercollegiate athletics. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101712
Yang, S., & Wang, Y. (2022). Performance indicators of Team Sports Performance in China. Revista de Psicologia Del Deporte, 31(1), 117–125.
Yenen, E., Atamturk, H., & Atamturk, N. (2023). Exploring leadership behaviors of the coaches of champion teams. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1091703
Yildirim, S., & Koruç, Z. (2021). The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Well-Being on Performance of Soccer Players: An Inclusive Model. Sport Psychologist, 35(4), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2020-0064
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
