Los Efectos de 6 Semanas de Entrenamiento Combinado de Bajo Volumen Sobre la Potencia Muscular, la Fuerza Muscular y la Potencia Aeróbica en Adultos Jóvenes Activos (Effects of 6 Weeks of Low-Volume Combined Training on Muscle Power, Muscular Strength, and Aerobic Power in Active Young Adults)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99698Palabras clave:
Ejercicio, Entrenamiento concurrente, Aptitud física, Rendimiento, Aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, No entrenadoResumen
Los efectos del entrenamiento combinado (EC) en el rendimiento deportivo están bien establecidos, así como el potencial del ejercicio de bajo volumen en la aptitud física. Sin embargo, la eficacia de la EC de bajo volumen en las medidas de aptitud física requiere más investigación. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de la EC de bajo volumen realizado durante 6 semanas sobre la potencia muscular, la fuerza muscular y la potencia aeróbica máxima (Wmax). Dieciocho hombres adultos jóvenes sanos y activos (promedio ± DE, 20,06 ± 1,66 años; 22,23 ± 2,76 kg/m2) realizaron una EC de bajo volumen (GE, n=9) o mantuvieron una vida normal (GC, n=9). El EC fue compuesto por un entrenamiento de fuerza (EF), 2 series de 3 ejercicios con 80 a 85% 1RM) seguido de un entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT), 5 series de 60'' con 95% Wmáximo). Las medidas de la altura de salto, 1 repetición máxima (1RM) en press de banca y sentadilla trasera, Wmax y carga inter-na se obtuvieron antes y después del entrenamiento para el análisis. Además, se utilizó una prueba ANOVA de medidas repetidas y muestras pareadas con un p ≤ 0,05. Los principales resultados demostraron que lo EC de bajo volumen aumentó la altura de salto (p ≤ 0,05), 1RM en press de banca y sentadilla trasera (p < 0,001 y p < 0,001, respectivamente) y Wmax (p ≤ 0,01), a pesar de que la carga interna no tuvo diferencias significativas entre semanas (p > 0,05). Para los adultos jóvenes activos, la TC de bajo volumen es efectiva y una estrategia tiempo eficiente para mejorar, la altura del salto, lo 1RM en press de banca y sentadilla, y la Wmax, sin aumentar la carga interna.
Palabras clave: Ejercicio, Entrenamiento concurrente, Aptitud física, Rendimiento, Aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, No entrenado.
Abstract. The effects of combined training (CE) on athletic performance are well established, as is the potential of low-volume exercise on physical fitness. However, the efficacy of low-volume CT on measures of physical fitness requires further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of 6-week low-volume CT on muscle power, muscle strength, and maximal aerobic power (Wmax). Eighteen healthy and active young adult men (mean ± SD, 20.06 ± 1.66 years; 22.23 ± 2.76 kg/m2) underwent low-volume CE (GE, n=9) or maintained a normal life (GC, n=9). The EC was composed of strength training (EF), 2 series of 3 exercises with 80 to 85% 1RM) followed by high intensity interval training (HIIT), 5 series of 60'' with 95% Wmax). Measurements of jump height, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in bench press and back squat, Wmax, and internal load were obtained before and after training for analysis. In addition, an ANOVA test of repeated measures and paired samples with p ≤ 0.05 was used. The main results demonstrated that the low volume CT increased jump height (p ≤ 0.05), bench press and back squat 1RM (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and Wmax (p ≤ 0.01). , despite the fact that the internal load did not have significant differences between weeks (p > 0.05). For active young adults, low-volume CT is an effective and time-efficient strategy to improve jump height, bench press and squat 1RM, and Wmax without increasing internal load.
Keywords: Exercise, Concurrent training, Physical fitness, Performance, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Untrained.
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