El efecto de la edad relativa de los participantes en las finales mundiales de tenis júnior en 2012–2016 (The Relative Age Effect of Participants in the World Junior Tennis Finals in 2012–2016)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.99664Palabras clave:
Date of Birth, Chronological Age, Age Distribution, Youth Sports, SportsResumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo principal investigar el impacto de la edad relativa (conocido como efecto de la edad relativa, EER; relative age effect, RAE) en jugadoras de tenis júnior (U14, n=240) que compitieron en las finales mundiales de tenis júnior entre 2012 y 2016. Un objetivo secundario consistió en analizar el EER en relación con la nominación de jugadores en los equipos nacionales, así como su influencia en las clasificaciones finales de dichos equipos. El tercer objetivo fue comparar el EER entre las tenistas júnior y las mejores tenistas sénior a nivel mundial. La metodología incluyó el análisis de datos mediante pruebas de chi-cuadrado y el cálculo del índice de tamaño del efecto (ES, por sus siglas en inglés) w. Los resultados indicaron que a lo largo de los años examinados (2012–2016), se observó un EER que, aunque no alcanzó significancia estadística en los subgrupos, mostró un rango variable de tamaño del efecto w, desde moderado hasta alto. Sin embargo, al considerar la totalidad del período de cinco años, se confirmó la existencia de un EER estadísticamente significativo, con un tamaño de efecto ES w de magnitud moderada.
Asimismo, se constató la presencia de un EER estadísticamente significativo en las nominaciones de jugadores para los equipos (primer, segundo y tercer tenista del equipo), con tamaños de efecto w que oscilaron entre niveles moderados y altos. Este patrón también se mantuvo en los cuatro grupos de rendimiento analizados (1º-4º, 5º-8º, 9º-12º, 13º-16º). Finalmente, al comparar el EER entre las tenistas júnior y las principales jugadoras sénior del mundo, se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, con un tamaño de efecto w de pequeña magnitud.
Palabras clave: Fecha de nacimiento. Edad cronológica. Distribución por edades. Deporte juvenil. Talento deportivo.
Abstract. The main aim was to verify the Relative Age Effect (RAE) between female junior tennis players (U14, n=240), participants of the World Junior Tennis Finals in 2012–2016. The secondary aim was to verify the RAE on the order of nomination to each national team and then verify the RAE on the final ranking of the teams. The third aim was to compare the RAE between junior female tennis players and the world's best senior female players. Chi-square test and Effect Size (ES) index w were used for statistical data analysis. Statistically significant RAE was found in each of the years 2012–2016 for all subgroups, ES ranged between medium and large. Statistically significant RAE was found for all female players over the entire five-year period, ES was medium. Statistically significant RAE was found in all cases for nominations of players (the first, second and third tennis player of team), ES ranged between medium and large. In all four performance groups (1st-4th, 5th-8th, 9th-12th, 13th-16th), the RAE was statistically significant, ES was medium and large. Comparison of RAE between the groups of junior tennis players and the world's best players showed non-significant differences, the ES was small.
Keywords: Date of birth. Chronological age. Age distribution. Youth sports. Sports.
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