Actividad física en el hogar para mejorar la fuerza y equilibrio en el adulto mayor para prevenir el riesgo de caídas. Revisión Bibliográfica (Physical activity at home to improve strength and balance in the elderly to prevent the risk of falls. Bibliographic Review)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.99567

Palabras clave:

adultos mayores, entrenamiento de resistencia, ejercicio, caídas

Resumen

El principal objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue llevar a cabo una revisión de la eficacia de los programas de ejercicios de fuerza y equilibrio en la prevención de caídas en adultos mayores. Para ello, se realizó un proceso de recolección principalmente de las bases de datos PubMed y Sciencedirect, seleccionando las revistas de mayor impacto. La muestra consiste de 29 artículos seleccionados teniendo en cuenta las siguientes variables: año de publicación, objetivos, muestra, instrumentos y conclusiones. Los resultados demostraron que la mayoría de los estudios fueron desarrollados en el año 2021, el objetivo principal de 16 de ellos fue identificar un programa de ejercicios físicos efectivos en el hogar para la prevención del riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores, la edad de la población fue mayores de 60 años, el instrumento más utilizado fue el Timed Up and Go, y el 93,1% de los artículos concluyen que un programa de ejercicios en el hogar contribuye con el aumento de fuerza y la mejora del equilibrio, reduciendo el riesgo potencial de caídas. Finalmente se concluye, que el uso de programas previamente establecidos o los programas multicomponentes, son efectivos en base a su accesibilidad, a la economía, en capacidad y calidad de estos, además de poder realizarlo de manera remota, por lo que el uso de plataformas digitales como Facebook o YouTube es de bastante utilidad.

Palabras clave: adultos mayores, entrenamiento de resistencia, ejercicio, caídas

Abstract. The main objective of this research work was to conduct a review of the effectiveness of strength and balance exercise programs in preventing falls in older adults. To this end, a collection process was carried out mainly from the PubMed and Sciencedirect databases, selecting the journals with the greatest impact. The sample consists of 29 articles selected considering the following variables: year of publication, objectives, sample, instruments, and conclusions. The results showed that most of the studies were developed in 2021, the main objective of 16 of them was to identify an effective physical exercise program at home for the prevention of the risk of falls in older adults, the age of the population was over 60 years, the most used instrument was the Timed Up and Go, and 93.1% of the articles conclude that a home exercise program contributes to increased strength and improved balance, reducing the potential risk of falls. Finally, it is concluded that the use of previously established programs or multicomponent programs are effective based on their accessibility, economy, capacity, and quality of these, in addition to being able to do it remotely, so the use of digital platforms such as Facebook or YouTube is quite useful.

Keywords: older adults, resistance training, exercise, falls

Citas

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Publicado

2024-04-01

Cómo citar

Morales Paredes, A. N., Rivarola Monzon, D. G., Romero Mansilla3, M. ., Cartagena Ochavano, R. E., Meneses Espejo, Y., & Prado Boza, A. A. (2024). Actividad física en el hogar para mejorar la fuerza y equilibrio en el adulto mayor para prevenir el riesgo de caídas. Revisión Bibliográfica (Physical activity at home to improve strength and balance in the elderly to prevent the risk of falls. Bibliographic Review). Retos, 53, 305–315. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.99567

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Revisiones teóricas, sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis