Dinamometría isocinética y antropometría segmentaria como parámetros de lesión de los músculos rotadores de hombro en deportistas (Isokinetic dynamometry and segmental anthropometry as parameters for shoulder rotator Muscles injury in athletes)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.99498Palabras clave:
Fuerza muscular, composicion corporal, estandares de referencia, factores de riesgo, evaluacionResumen
Detectar los niveles de fuerza de los músculos de las extremidades superiores, incide en el rendimiento, prevención y rehabilitación en deportistas. Objetivo: estimar el riesgo de lesión de los músculos rotadores de hombro a velocidad de 60°/s y 180°/s. Método: estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, en 80 deportistas amateur quienes realizaron isocinésis utilizando el HumacNorm (CSMI) Isokinetic Testing and Rehabilitation System y antropometría segmentaria mediante un bioimpedanciometro seca mBCA554. Resultados: fueron comparados con baremos estandarizados en diferentes poblaciones de deportistas. Se obtuvo alta correlación antropométrica, entre la masa muscular del brazo dominante (MMBD) y masa muscular del brazo no dominante (MMBND) (p<0,001); e isocinéticas a 60°/s entre los RI de la MMBD y la MMBND (p<0,001); entre 60°/s y 180°/s de los RE (p<0,001); entre la antropometría segmentaria e isocinésis como la MMBND y RE de MMBND a 60°/s con un radio de r=0,70 (p=0,01). El IMC fue normal; pero los valores déficit para RE180°/s supero el 10% y el índice de fatiga (IF) fue alto para los RI180°/s (p<0,05). Conclusión: La fuerza máxima, la masa muscular segmentaria, asimetrías, déficit e IF, si son variables que pueden estimar mejor el riesgo de lesión, aunque debido a la falta de baremos en deportistas amateur y a los resultados limitados e incongruentes en otras disciplinas deportivas y deportistas elite, nuestros resultados pueden servir como parámetros iniciales isocinéticos y de antropometría segmentaria para los deportistas amateur con mayor demanda de extremidades superiores.
Palabras clave: Fuerza muscular, composición corporal, estándares de referencia, factores de riesgo, evaluación.
Abstract: Detecting the muscle strength levels of the upper limbs plays a significant role in athletes' performance, injury prevention, and rehabilitation. Objective: To estimate the risk of injury to the shoulder rotator muscles at speeds of 60°/s and 180°/s. Method: A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 amateur athletes who underwent isokinetic testing using the HumacNorm (CSMI) Isokinetic Testing and Rehabilitation System and segmental anthropometry using a seca mBCA554 bioimpedance analyzer. Results: The results were compared to standardized benchmarks in various populations of athletes. High anthropometric correlations were observed, including between the muscle mass of the dominant arm (MMBD) and the muscle mass of the non-dominant arm (MMBND) (p<0.001), as well as isokinetic values at 60°/s between the internal rotators (RI) of MMBD and MMBND (p<0.001) and between 60°/s and 180°/s of the external rotators (RE) (p<0.001). Segmental anthropometry also showed a correlation with isokinetic measurements, such as MMBND and MMBND RE at 60°/s, with a correlation coefficient of r=0.70 (p=0.01). BMI was within the normal range, but deficits were observed for RE180°/s exceeding 10%, and the fatigue index (FI) was high for RI180°/s (p<0.05). Conclusion: Maximum strength, segmental muscle mass, asymmetries, deficits, and FI are variables that can better estimate the risk of injury. However, due to the lack of benchmarks for amateur athletes and limited and incongruent results in other sports disciplines and elite athletes, our findings can serve as initial isokinetic and segmental anthropometry parameters for amateur athletes with a high demand on their upper limbs.
Keywords: Muscle strength, body composition, reference standards, risk factors, assessment.
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