Análisis de vídeo bidimensional de sentadilla sobre la cabeza: un estudio preliminar (Two-dimensional video analysis of the overhead squat: a preliminary study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99340Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento de Fuerza, Crossfit, Biomecánica, Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad, Ténica de EjercicioResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los cambios en el patrón de movimiento durante la ejecución de la sentadilla por sobre la cabeza, así como las posibles diferencias entre los sexos, durante un protocolo de un programa de acondicionamiento extremo. Los sujetos fueron once hombres (28,6 ± 4,5 años, 85,1 ± 8,4 kg, 1,80 ± 0,07 m y 13,8 ± 7,7 meses de práctica) y once mujeres (30,5 ± 4,8 años, 68,2 ± 10,36 kg, 1,70 ± 0,05 m y 20,3 ± 17,01), todos practicantes del programa de acondicionamiento extremo. El protocolo elegido para el entrenamiento fue el “Nautical Nancy”, que consistió en 5 rondas de 15 sentadillas sobre la cabeza y 400 metros de remo. Durante el ejercicio se realiza un análisis en el que se analizaron los ángulos de flexión de hombre, rodilla y cadera en la primera y última ronda. Para los hombres, hubo aumentos en los ángulos de flexión del hombre y la cadera, mientras que las mujeres mostraron un aumento del ángulo de flexión del hombro y una disminución del ángulo de flexión de la rodilla. Los cambios en la técnica ocurrieron debido al intento de autopreservación por parte de los practicantes, cuando se expusieron al protocolo, lo que podría conducir a un mayor riesgo de lesión.
Palabras claves: Crossfit; Entrenamiento Interválico de Alta Intensidad; Entrenamiento de Fuerza; Biomecánica; Técnica de Ejercicio.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the pattern of movement during performance of the overhead squat, as well as possible differences between the sexes, during a protocol of an extreme conditioning program. The subjects were eleven men (28.6 ± 4.5 years, 85.1 ± 8.4 kg, 1.80 ± 0.07 m, and 13.8 ± 7.7 months of practice) and eleven women (30.5 ± 4.8 years, 68.2 ± 10.36 kg, 1.70 ± 0.05 m, and 20.3 ± 17.01 months of practice), all of whom were extreme conditioning program practitioners. The protocol chosen for the training was the “Nautical Nancy”, which consisted of 5 rounds of 15 overhead squats and 400 meters of rowing. During the exercise, an analysis was performed in which the shoulder, knee, and hip flexion angles were analyzed in the first and last rounds. For men, there were increases of the shoulder and hip flexion angles, while the women showed increase of the shoulder flexion angle and decrease of the knee flexion angle. Changes in technique occurred due to the attempt at self-preservation on the part of the practitioners, when exposed to the protocol, which could lead to increased risk of injury.
Key words: CrossFit; High Intensity Functional Training; Resistance Training; Biomechanics; Exercise Technique.
Citas
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